Lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans ke lisele tsa manyeme tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa 'meleng. Li na le lisele tsa beta tse hlahisang insulin, e leng hormone e laolang tsoekere e maling. Ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, ke lisele tsena tse senyehang hantle. Ka hona, lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans li bohareng ba lipatlisiso tsa kalafo.

Lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans (tse reheletsoeng ka Paul Langherans, 1847-1888, Jeremane anatomo-pathologist le biologist) ke lisele tsa manyeme, tse nang le hoo e ka bang limilione tse 1. E entsoe ka lisele tse hlophisitsoeng ka lihlopha - ka hona lentsoe li-islets - li hasana ka har'a lisele tsa exocrine (lintho tse ntšang lisele tse tsoang ka ntle ho mali) tsa manyeme, 'me le tsona li hlahisa li-enzyme tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tšilo ea lijo. Lihlopha tsena tse nyane haholo tsa lisele li etsa 1 ho isa ho 2% feela ea boima ba lisele tsa manyeme, empa li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa 'meleng.

Lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans ke lisele tsa endocrine. Li hlahisa lihomone tse fapaneng: haholo-holo insulin, empa hape le glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin.

Ke lisele tsa beta kapa lisele tsa β tsa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans tse hlahisang insulin, hormone e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa 'meleng. Mosebetsi oa eona ke ho boloka tekano ea boemo ba tsoekere (glycemia) maling. Glucose ena e sebetsa e le mohloli oa matla - ka bokhutšoanyane, "mafura" - bakeng sa 'mele,' me boemo ba eona maling ha boa lokela ho ba tlase haholo kapa tlase haholo hore 'mele o sebetse hantle. Hantle-ntle ke karolo ea insulin ho leka-lekanya maemo a tsoekere ea mali ka ho thusa 'mele ho sebelisa le / kapa ho boloka tsoekere ena ho latela hore na e fetelletse kapa ha ea lekana.

Lisele li hlahisa glucagon, e leng hormone e eketsang bongata ba tsoekere maling ha tsoekere ea mali e le tlaase. E etsa hore sebete le lisele tse ling tsa ’mele li ntše tsoekere e bolokiloeng maling.

Mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere 1

Mofuta oa 1 kapa lefu la tsoekere le itšetlehileng ka insulin le bakoa ke tšenyo e tsoelang pele le e ke keng ea fetoloa ea lisele tsa beta tsa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans ka lebaka la liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa autoimmune. Tšenyo ena e lebisa khaellong ea insulin e felletseng, ka hona kotsi ea hyperglycemia ha e jeoa, ebe hypoglycemia pakeng tsa lijo, ha ho itima lijo kapa ho ikoetlisa. Nakong ea hypoglycemia, litho tsa 'mele ha li na substrate e matla. Haeba e sa laoloe, lefu la tsoekere le ka baka mathata a tebileng a renal, pelo, methapo ea kutlo, gastroenterological le ophthalmological pathologies.

Neuroendocrine tumor ea manyeme

Ke mofuta o sa tloaelehang oa mofets'e oa manyeme. Ke ntho e bitsoang "neuroendocrine tumor" (NET) hobane e qala liseleng tsa neuroendocrine system. Ebe re bua ka NET ea manyeme, kapa TNEp. E ka 'na ea e-ba ea sekhukhu kapa ea pata (e sebetsang). Tabeng ea ho qetela, joale e baka secretion e feteletseng ea li-hormone.

Mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere 1

Phekolo ea insulin e lefella khaello ea tlhahiso ea insulin. Mokuli o tla kenya insulin makhetlo a 'maloa ka letsatsi. Kalafo ena e tlameha ho lateloa bophelo bohle.

Ho kenyelletsa pancreas e tsoetseng pele lilemong tsa bo-90. Hangata e kopantsoe le ho kenngoa ha liphio, e boloketsoe bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba amehileng haholo 1. Ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse ntle, phetisetso ea pancreatic ha e e-s'o fetohe phekolo ea khetho bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, haholo-holo ka lebaka la mokhoa o boima oa ts'ebetso le phekolo e amanang le immunosuppressive.

Langerhans islet grafting ke e 'ngoe ea litšepo tse kholo taolong ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. E kenyelletsa ho fetisetsa lisele tse molemo feela, tabeng ena lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans. E nkiloe ho manyeme a mofani ea shoeleng boko, lihlekehleke li aroloa ebe li kenngoa ka har'a mothapo oa sebete sebeteng sa mokuli. E 'ngoe ea mathata ke mokhoa oa ho arola lihlekehleke tsena. Ho thata haholo ho ntša lihlopha tsena tse nyane tsa lisele ho tsoa manyeme ntle le ho li senya. Li-transplant tsa pele li ile tsa etsoa Paris lilemong tsa bo-80. Ka 2000, sehlopha sa Edmonton se ile sa fumana boipuso ba insulin ho bakuli ba 7 ba latellanang ba fetiselitsoeng lihlekehlekeng. Mosebetsi o ntse o tsoela pele lefatšeng ka bophara. Fora, teko ea meriana ea litsi tse ngata e qalile ka 2011 lipetleleng tse 4 tse kholo tsa Parisia tse kopaneng ka har'a sehlopha sa "Ile-de-France bakeng sa ho fetisetsa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans" (GRIIF). Liphetho lia tšepisa: kamora ho fetisoa, halofo ea bakuli e khoesoa ho insulin, ha halofo e 'ngoe e fumana taolo e ntle ea glycemic, e fokotsehile hypoglycemia le tlhoko ea insulin.

Hammoho le mosebetsi ona oa li-transplant, lipatlisiso li tsoela pele ho utloisisa kholo le mosebetsi oa lisele tsena, hammoho le genesis le tsoelo-pele ea lefu lena. Tšoaetso ea lisele tsa beta ke kokoana-hloko ea herpes (e ka ikarabellang bakeng sa mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere ho batho ba tsoang Afrika), mekhoa ea ho hōla le ho hōla ha lisele tsa beta, tšusumetso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amehang qalong ea lefu lena. karolo ea mekhoa ea hajoale ea lipatlisiso. Maikutlo ke ho fumana lintlha tse susumetsang ts'ebetso ea T lymphocyte khahlano le lisele tsa beta, ho fumana tharollo ea ho thibela karabelo ena ea autoimmune, ho nchafatsa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans, jj.

Neuroendocrine tumor ea manyeme

Tsamaiso e ipapisitse le mofuta oa hlahala mme e ipapisitse le lilepe tse fapaneng:

• ho buoa
• chemotherapy
• kalafo ea antisecretory ho fokotsa secretion ea li-hormone ho tsoa hlahala

Mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere 1

Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere ke lefu le bakoang ke autoimmune: Li-lymphocyte tsa T li qala ho lemoha limolek'hule tse teng liseleng tsa beta e le lintho tse tšoaetsanoang tse lokelang ho felisoa. Leha ho le joalo, matšoao a hlaha likhoeli tse 'maloa kapa esita le lilemo ka mor'a hore mokhoa ona o qale. Tsena ke liketsahalo tsa hypoglycemia le / kapa ho theola boima ba 'mele ho sa tsotellehe takatso e ntle ea lijo, ho ntša metsi khafetsa, lenyora le sa tloaelehang, mokhathala o matla. Tlhahlobo e etsoa ka ho lemoha li-autoantibodies maling.

Sehlahala sa neuroendocrine

Ho thata ho fumana lihlahala tsa Neuroendocrine ka lebaka la ho fapana ha matšoao a tsona.

Haeba e le hlahala e sebetsang ea neuroendocrine ea manyeme, e ka baka tlhahiso e feteletseng ea insulin. Ponahalo kapa ho mpefala ha lefu la tsoekere la pele le sa itšetleheng ka insulin le tsona li lokela ho hlahlojoa ho banna ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 40 ntle le nalane ea lefu la tsoekere la lelapa.

Tlhahlobo ea anatomopathological ea hlahala e etsa hore ho khonehe ho hlalosa sebopeho sa eona (hlahala e fapaneng kapa e sa khethollehang) le sehlopha sa eona. Tlhahlobo e feletseng ea ho atolosoa ha lefu lena ho batla metastase le eona e etsoa.