Lefuemia

Leukemia ke eng

Leukemia kapa leukemia ke lefu le kotsi la tsamaiso ea hematopoietic. Ho bua ka mokhoa o nepahetseng haholoanyane - moko oa masapo le lymphatic system, hape o bitsoa kankere ea mali. Leukemia hangata e bitsoa mofetše oa mali.

’Meleng oa motho, lisele tsa mali li lula li potoloha. Lisele tse sebelisitsoeng lia shoa, 'me tse ncha li thehoa liseleng tsa 'mele oa masapo. Lisele tse ncha tsa pele li qala ho arohana ebe li hōla ho ba lisele tse feletseng. Ho batho ba phetseng hantle, ho na le mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng hantle oa ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa lisele tse sebelisitsoeng, tse shoeleng le tse sa tsoa thehoa. Empa ho bakuli ba nang le leukemia, ho leka-lekana hona ho khathatseha haholo. Lisele tse ncha li ikatisa ka mokhoa o sa laoleheng, ha li hōle ho fihlela boemong ba lisele tse feletseng. Nakong ea leukemia, ba ntse ba eketseha.

Ho na le mefuta e mene ea leukemia.

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mofuta ona o atile haholo baneng.
• Acute myeloid leukemia.
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. E etsahala ho batho ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 55 mme e tlalehiloe ho litho tse 'maloa tsa lelapa le le leng.
• Leukemia e sa foleng ea myeloid.

Lisosa tsa leukemia ho batho ba baholo

Lisosa tse tobileng tsa lefu lena ha li tsejoe. Empa mabaka a ka kenyelletsa:

• ho pepeseha ka matla (radiotherapy);
• ho pepesehela li-carcinogens (mohlala, benzene);
• likokoana-hloko;
• liphetoho tse ling tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso (hereditary predisposition).

Matšoao a leukemia ho batho ba baholo

Setsebi sa oncologist Dina Sakaeva se totobatsa matšoao a 'maloa a lefu lena:

• khaello ea mali;
• lefu la hemorrhagic, hobane ha ho na liplatelete tse lekaneng 'meleng;
• ho tsoa mali;
• ho longoa;
• ho tsoa mali ka har'a mucous membranes - ka leleme, letlalo;
• ponahalo ea matheba a manyenyane le matheba;
• ho eketseha ha mocheso;
• ho hlatsa, ho hlatsa;
• ho hloka takatso ea lijo;
• boima ba 'mele;
• ponahalo ea metastases, ha lisele tsa hlahala li kena lithong tse phetseng hantle.

Mehato ea leukemia ho batho ba baholo

Mothati oa 1. Mokhahlelong oa pele oa kankere ea mali, kankere e hlasela lymph nodes, e ntseng e eketseha ka boholo. Mokuli a ka bona li-node tse atolositsoeng ka boeena.

Mothati oa 2. Tabeng ena, ebang ke sebete kapa spleen, kapa ka bobeli ka nako e le 'ngoe, e eketseha ho bakuli. Letšoao lena le hlaha ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha palo ea lymphocyte ka har'a litho tsena.

Mothati oa 3. E fumanoa ha motho a e-na le phokolo ea mali (boemo ba hemoglobin ha bo fete li-unit tse 10).

Mothati oa 4. Tabeng ena, e tšoauoa ka boemo bo tlaase ba liplatelete, kapa thrombocytopenia. Palo ea liplatelete maling a mokuli ha e fete likete tse 100.

Kalafo ea leukemia ho batho ba baholo

Haeba leukemia e sa phekoloe, e ka lebisa lefung nakong ea likhoeli tse seng kae. Ho bohlokoa ho qala kalafo ka nako.

phekolo ea lik'hemik'hale ke motheo o hlokahalang bakeng sa mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa phekolo ea kankere ea mali. "Chemistry" e hlasela lisele tsa leukemia lintlheng tse fapaneng e le ho senya ka ho feletseng lihlahala tse kotsi.

Phekolo ea meriana - litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa mahlaseli a ionizing li sebelisoa ho senya lisele tsa mofetše. Ho na le ho fokotseha ha lymph nodes e atolositsoeng, spleen. Mofuta ona oa phekolo o sebelisoa pele moko oa masapo le stem cell transplantation.

Phekolo e shebiloeng e sebelisoang ho CML (tyrosine kinase inhibitors e thibela mekhoa ea bohlokoa liseleng tsa leukemic), empa chemotherapy le interferon therapy li boetse li sebelisoa. Leha ho le joalo, pheko e feletseng ha e khonehe. E ka finyelloa feela ka ho kenngoa ha moko oa masapo ho tsoa ho mofani ea phetseng hantle.

Bell marls transplant – Ho fetisoa ha moko oa masapo. Bafani e ka ba banab'abo bakuli.

tlhathoba

Ho kopana le oncologist ho qala ka puisano le mokuli. Ngaka e fumana ka ho qaqileng litletlebo tsa mokuli, histori ea lefu lena le bophelo ba mokuli, boteng ba pathology ho beng ka eena. Ka mor'a moo, tlhahlobo ea lits'ebetso le litho tsa 'mele e qala ho fumana litlolo: ho otla lihlopha tsa lymph nodes, sebaka sa sebete le spleen, kaha li ka atolosoa ka leukemia.

Kankere ea mali e ka fumanoa ka:

• CBC: Haeba o na le mofetše, e tla bontša keketseho ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali le ho fokotseha ha lisele tse ling tsa mali.
• coagulogram - tlhahlobo ea li-parameter tsa coagulation ea mali.
• immunogram - thuto ea matšoao a mantlha a sesole sa 'mele oa motho.

Hape, ngaka e ka fana ka mekhoa e meng ea tlhahlobo ho fumana hore na mofets'e oa mali ke oa mofuta ofe:

• phuncture biopsy ea moko oa masapo ka tlhahlobo e latelang ea histological;
• phunya biopsy ea lymph nodes;
• ho phunya lesapo la mokokotlo - ho lemoha lisele tsa mali tse sa ntseng li hōla, ho li khetholla le ho fumana hore na ho na le kutloelo-bohloko ho lithethefatsi tse itseng tsa chemotherapy.
• tlhahlobo ea ultrasound (ultrasound);
• computed tomography (CT);
• setšoantšo sa magnetic resonance (MRI).

Thibelo ea leukemia ho batho ba baholo lapeng

Mekhoa e khethehileng ea thibelo khahlanong le leukemia ha e so hlahisoe. Li-oncologists li eletsa feela ho phela bophelo bo botle, bo kenyelletsang lijo tse leka-lekaneng, ho ikoetlisa habonolo, ho phomola ka ho lekaneng le ho robala, le ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello. Ba kotsing (ho na le ba ka lapeng ba neng ba e-na le mofetše) ba lokela ho hlahlojoa bonyane hang ka selemo le ho hlokomela bophelo ba bona.

Lipotso le likarabo tse tsebahalang

likarabo tse Dina Sakaeva, Motlatsi oa Ngaka ea Hlooho ea Oncology, Moprofesa oa Lefapha la Pharmacology le Koetliso ea Clinical Pharmacology, Setho sa Boto ea RUSSCO, Ngaka ea Saense ea Bongaka: