Shiitake

Tlhaloso

Li-mushroom tsa shiitake tse khahlisang le tse folisang li ne li tsejoa Chaena lilemong tse fetang likete tse peli tse fetileng. Li-mushroom tsena li ratoa haholo, eseng feela linaheng tsa Asia, empa hape le lefats'eng, thepa e ntle ea li-mushroom tsa Shiitake e hlalositsoe lingoliloeng le libukaneng tse ngata hoo li-mushroom tsena li thathamisitsoeng ho Guinness Book of Records.

Li-mushroom tsa shiitake li ts'oana le litšobotsi tsa eona tsa pholiso, mohlomong le ginseng. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake ha li na kotsi ebile li ka sebelisoa e le sehlahisoa sa bohlokoa, hammoho le moriana oa mafu ohle. Mefuta e mengata e mengata ea melemo ea li-mushroom tsa shiitake e etsa hore ho khonehe ho sebelisa li-mushroom tsena e le sesebelisoa se thibelang bocha le bophelo bo botle.

Ka sebopeho le tatso, li-mushroom tsa shiitake li ts'oana haholo le li-mushroom tsa mead, ke cap feela e sootho. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake ke li-mushroom tse monate - li na le tatso e monate haholo ebile lia jeoa. Sebopeho sa li-mushroom tsa Shiitake.

Sebopeho le khalori

Shiitake e na le li-amino acid tse 18, livithamini tsa B - haholo-holo thiamine e ngata, riboflavin, niacin. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li na le vithamine e ngata D. Li-mushroom li na le lentinan e ikhethang, e sa tloaelehang ea polysaccharide, e se nang analogue litokisetsong tsa litlama.

Lentinan e eketsa tlhahiso ea enzyme e khethehileng e bitsoang perforin, e senyang lisele tse sa tloaelehang hape e eketsa lisele tse bolaeang tsa necrosis le lihlahala. Ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang, shiitake e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa prophylactic bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le menyetla e eketsehileng ea mafu a oncological.

• Liprotheine 6.91 g
• Mafura 0.72 g
• Likhabohaedreite 4.97 g
• Likahare tsa caloric 33.25 kcal (139 kJ)

Melemo ea li-mushroom tsa shiitake

Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li loana ka katleho le litlamorao tsa ho pepeseha ha radiation le chemotherapy, 'me li ka sebelisoa ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa kalafo e khahlanong le mofets'e ho bakuli ba sehlopha sena.

Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa li-mushroom tsa shiitake.

1. Tšusumetso e matla ea li-fungus e thusa 'mele oa motho ho hanela nts'etsopele ea lihlahala tsa kankere le tse kotsi.
2. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake ke immunomodulator e matla haholo - e eketsa boits'ireletso, boits'ireletso ba mmele.
3. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li thusa ho aha thibelo ea likokoana-hloko 'meleng, tšireletso e sebetsang khahlano le lits'ebetso tsa ho ruruha.
4. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li loants'a microflora ea pathogenic 'meleng oa motho mme li matlafatsa kholo ea microflora e tloaelehileng.
5. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li thusa ho khutlisa lebese la phofo la mali.
6. Li-mushroom ka botsona, le litokisetso tse tsoang ho tsona, li folisa liso le khoholeho ea mpa ka maleng le mala.
7. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li tlosa k'holeseterole e "mpe" maling, e etsa hore li-cholesterol li be maemong a tloaelehileng, 'me e thibele ho theoa ha li-cholesterol maboteng a methapo ea mali.
8. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li theola boemo ba tsoekere maling a batho, li thusa ho ntlafatsa maemo a bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.
9. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li hlophisa metabolism ea 'mele, li ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa phepo e nepahetseng le ho hema ha sele.
10. Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li thusa ho tsitsisa metabolism ea lik'habohaedreite le ho hlasimolla boima ba 'mele, ho phekola botenya.

Li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li sebelisoa hohle: li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa bokuli bofe kapa bofe, hape e le pheko e ikemetseng, hape e le tlatsetso ea kalafo ea mantlha ea meriana ea semmuso.

Liphello tsa liphuputso tsa mahlale le liteko tse entsoeng li makatsa monahano: li thibela mafu a pelo le methapo ea mali a seng a ntse a le mothating oa lefu lena, 'me a sebelisetsoa ho alafa atherosclerosis le khatello ea mali.

Ts'ebeliso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea ligrama tse robong tsa phofo ea shiitake khoeli e le 'ngoe e theola boemo ba k'holeseterole maling a batho ba tsofetseng ka 15%, maling a bacha ka 25%.

Shiitake e sebetsa bakeng sa ramatiki, lefu la tsoekere (le hlohlelletsa tlhahiso ea k'holeseterole ke manyeme a mokuli). E sebelisoa ke bakuli ba nang le multiple sclerosis, li-mushroom tsa shiitake li thusa ho tsitsisa maloetse, ho kokobetsa khatello ea maikutlo le ho khutlisa likhoele tsa myelin tse senyehileng.

Zinki e nang le li-mushroom tsa shiitake e na le phello e ntle ho potency, e tloaetse ho sebetsa ha tšoelesa ea senya, mme e thibela ho theoa ha adenoma le lihlahala tse kotsi tsa senya.

Liindasteri, kapa tse matla, temo ea shiitake

Nako ea ho lema shiitake ka ts'ebeliso ea kalafo ea mocheso oa substrate ea sawdust kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa semela tse phallang mahala e khuts'oane ho feta nako ea temo ea tlhaho. Mahlale ana a bitsoa a matla, 'me, joalo ka molao, ho beha litholoana ho hlaha selemo ho pota likamoreng tse nang le thepa e khethehileng.

Karolo e ka sehloohong ea likaroloana tsa li-shiitake tse ntseng li hola, tse ka bang 60 ho isa ho 90% ea boima kaofela, ke oak, maple kapa beech sawdust, tse ling kaofela ke li-additives tse fapaneng. U ka boela ua sebelisa sawdust ea alder, birch, moluoane, poplar, aspen, joalo-joalo. Boholo bo boholo ba phatsa ke 2-3 mm.

Sesepa se senyenyane se thibela ka matla phapanyetsano ea khase karolong e ka tlase, e fokotsang nts'etsopele ea fungus. Sawdust e ka tsoakoa le mapolanka a lehong ho theha sebopeho se hlephileng, se nang le moea. Leha ho le joalo, litaba tse ntseng li eketseha tsa limatlafatsi le phumaneho ea oksijene kahara likaroloana li theha maemo a matle bakeng sa lintho tse qothisanang lehlokoa le shiitake.

Likokoana-hloko tsa tlholisano hangata li hola ka potlako ho feta shiitake mycelium, ka hona substrate e tlameha ho koaloa kapa ea silafatsoa. Motsoako o pholileng kamora 'kalafo ea mocheso oa entoa (peo) ka peo ea mycelium. Li-block tsa substrate li koahetsoe ke mycelium.

Mycelium e futhumala likhoeli tse 1.5-2.5, ebe e lokolloa filiming kapa e tlosoa ka setshelong ebe e fetisetsoa ho beha litholoana ka likamoreng tse pholileng le tse mongobo. Kotulo e tsoang libakeng tse bulehileng e tlosoa nakong ea likhoeli tse 3-6.

Lisebelisoa tsa phepo e ntle li kenyellelitsoe substrate ho akofisa kholo ea mycelium le ho eketsa chai. Boemong bona, ho sebelisoa lijo-thollo le matlapi a lijo-thollo (koro, harese, raese, nyalothe), phofo ea lijalo tse halikiloeng, litšila tsa tlhahiso ea biri le mehloli e meng ea naetrojene le lik'habohaedreite.

Ka litlatsetso tsa phepo e nepahetseng, livithamini, liminerale, li-microelements le tsona li kenya substrate, e sa susumelletseng kholo ea mycelium feela, empa le litholoana. Ho theha boemo ba asiti e nepahetseng le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho, li-additives tsa diminerale li kenyellelitsoe substrate: tjhoko (CaCO3) kapa gypsum (CaSO4).

Likarolo tsa li-substrate li tsoakane hantle ka letsoho kapa ka li-mixer tse kang mochini oa konkreite. Ebe metsi a eketsoa, ​​a tlisa mongobo ho 55-65%.

Thepa ea lijo tsa Shiitake

Majapane a beha shiitake pele bakeng sa tatso har'a li-mushroom tse ling. Li-soups tse entsoeng ka shiitake e omisitsoeng kapa ka phofo ea tsona li ratoa haholo Japane. Mme leha maEuropa a na le tatso e itseng e benyang ea shiitake qalong, hangata ha e thabise, batho ba tloaetseng shiitake ba fumana tatso ea eona e hohela.

Shiitake e ncha e na le monko o monate oa li-mushroom o nang le motsoako o monyane oa monko oa radish. Li-mushroom, tse omisitsoeng ka mocheso o sa feteng 60 ° C, li fofonela ka mokhoa o ts'oanang kapa le ho feta.

Shiitake e ncha e ka jeoa e le tala e sa belisoa kapa e phehiloe. Nakong ea ho belisa kapa ho halika, tatso e itseng, e hlabang hanyane le monko oa shiitake e tala e ba li-mushroom haholo.

Maoto a li-mushroom a tlase haholo ho li-capu ka tatso, 'me a na le likhoele tse ngata ho feta likepisi.

Matlotlo a kotsi a shiitake

Ho ja li-mushroom tsa shiitak ho ka baka khatello ea maikutlo, kahoo batho ba tloaetseng ho kula ba lokela ho ba hlokolosi ka sehlahisoa sena. Fungus e boetse e contraindicated nakong ea diabolololo le ea bokhachane ka lebaka la ho dikahare phahameng ea lintho tse biologically a sebetsang.

Li-mushroom tsa shiitake li hola kae?

Shiitake ke fungus e tloaelehileng ea saprotrophic e hōlang feela lifateng tse shoeleng le tse oeleng, ho tloha lehong leo e fumanang limatlafatsi tsohle tse hlokahalang bakeng sa kholo le kholo.

Tlas'a maemo a tlhaho, shiitake e hola Asia Boroa-bochabela (China, Japane, Korea le linaha tse ling) ho lithupa le likutu tse remiloeng tsa lifate tse hlohlorang, haholo-holo castanopsis spiky. Sebakeng sa Russia, Primorsky Territory le Bochabela bo Hare, li-mushroom tsa Shiitake li hola ho oak ea Mongolia le Amur linden. Li ka fumaneha hape ka chestnut, birch, maple, poplar, liquidambar, hornbeam, ironwood, amora (sefate sa amora). Li-mushroom li hlaha nakong ea selemo 'me li beha litholoana ka lihlopha ho pholletsa le lehlabula ho fihlela qetellong ea hoetla.

Li-lentinula tse jeoang li hola ka pele haholo: ho nka matsatsi a 6-8 ho tloha ponahalong ea likepisi tse nyane tse lekanang le lierekisi ho fihlela li butsoa ka botlalo.

Lintlha tse khahlisang ka Shiitake

1. Lekhetlo la pele le ngotsoeng la li-mushroom tsa Majapane le qalile ka 199 BC.
2. Ho ngotsoe le ho phatlalatsoa liphuputso tse tebileng tse fetang 40,000 le libuka tse tummeng le li-monograph tse mabapi le lentinula e jeoang, e senola liphiri tsohle tsa li-mushroom tse monate le tse phetseng hantle.

Shiitake e ntseng e hola hae

Hajoale, li-mushroom li lengoa ka mafolofolo lefats'eng lohle ka bongata ba liindasteri. Ho khahlisang: ba ithutile ho jala li-mushroom tsa shiitake ka nepo feela bohareng ba lekholo la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, mme ho fihlela ka nako eo ba ile ba hlahisoa ka ho hohla mabala holim'a patsi e bolileng ka 'mele ea litholoana.

Hona joale lentinula e jeoang e lengoa ka lifate tsa oak, chestnut le mapolanka ka leseli la tlhaho kapa ka sakha ea ntlo ka tlung. Li-mushroom tse lenngoeng ka tsela ea pele li batla li boloka thepa ea tse holang tse hlaha, 'me ho lumeloa hore sawdust e eketsa tatso le monko, leha ho le joalo, ho senya litšobotsi tsa pholiso tsa shiitake. Tlhahiso ea lefats'e ea li-mushroom tsena tse jeoang qalong ea lekholo la XXI e se e fihlile ho lithane tse likete tse 800 ka selemo.

Ho bonolo ho jala li-mushroom naheng kapa lapeng, ke hore, kantle ho sebaka sa tlhaho, hobane li khetha maemo a teng. Ho boloka lintlha tse ling le ho etsisa sebaka sa tlhaho sa li-mushroom, u ka fihlela litholoana tse ntle ka ho li ruisa lapeng. Li-mushroom li beha litholoana hantle ho tloha ka Mots'eanong ho isa ho Mphalane, empa shiitake e ntseng e hola e ntse e le mosebetsi o boima.

Theknoloji e holang bareng kapa kutung

Ntho ea mantlha e hlokahalang bakeng sa temo ea li-mushroom ke patsi. Ha e le hantle, tsena e lokela ho ba likutu tse ommeng kapa hemp ea oak, chestnut kapa beech, e sehiloeng ka mekoallo bolelele ba 35-50 cm. Haeba u ikemiselitse ho hola shiitake naheng, ha ho hlokahale hore u bone li-stumps. Lisebelisoa li lokela ho kotuloa esale pele, haholo-holo qalong ea nako ea selemo, 'me u netefatse hore o nka patsi e phetseng hantle feela, ntle le matšoao a tšenyo ea bola, moss kapa fungus fungus.

Pele o beha mycelium, patsi e lokela ho belisoa metsotso e 50-60: ts'ebetso e joalo e tla e tlatsa ka mongobo o hlokahalang, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang e e bolaee ka likokoana-hloko. Ka bareng ka 'ngoe u hloka ho etsa masoba ka bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 1 le botebo ba cm cm 5-7, ho etsa sekhahla sa cm 8-10 pakeng tsa bona. Shiitake mycelium e lokela ho beoa ho tsona, ho koala sekoti se seng le se seng ka ho jala ka boea bo metsi ba k'hothone.

Ha u lema, mongobo oa lehong ha oa lokela ho feta 70%, empa ka nako e ts'oanang ha oa lokela ho ba tlase ho 15%. E le ho thibela tahlehelo ea mongobo, o ka thatela mekoallo / hemp ka mokotleng oa polasetiki.

Ntho ea bohlokoa: beha leihlo thempereichara ka phapusing eo masimong a hau a li-mushroom a leng teng: likolone tsa li-mushroom tsa Majapane li rata ho fetoha hoa mocheso (ho tloha ho + 16 motšehare ho isa ho + 10 bosiu). Ho ata ha mocheso ho matlafatsa kholo ea bona.

Haeba shiitake e lokela ho holisoa kantle ka har'a naha, khetha sebaka se nang le moriti, mme bareng kapa kutu e sa kaloang e nang le mycelium e lokela ho patoa ka 2/3 mobung ho e thibela ho omella.

Ho hola mohloeng kapa mohloeng

Haeba ho sa khonehe ho jala li-mushroom tsena ka patsi, ho lema shiitake holim'a harese kapa lehlaka la oat, kapa ho sawdust ea lifate tse hlabang (li-conifers ha li kenyeletsoe) e ka ba khetho e ntle haholo.

Pele o jala, lisebelisoa tsena li sebetsoa ho latela molao-motheo oa ho belisa hora le halofo ho isa ho lihora tse peli, mme ho eketsa tsoalo ea bona ho ke ke ha e-ba kotsi ho eketsa kaka kapa 'mela ea' mela. Lijana tse nang le sawdust kapa joang li tletse shiitake mycelium mme e koahetsoe ka polyethylene, ho netefatsa mocheso oa likhato tse ka bang 18-20. Hang ha ho mela ha mycelium ho hlalositsoe, mocheso o lokela ho fokotsoa ho fihlela likhato tse 15-17 motšehare le ho isa ho 10-12 bosiu.

Ho lema shiitake lehlokoa ha se mokhoa oa setshelo feela. Tlatsa mokotla o entsoeng ka lesela le teteaneng kapa polyethylene e teteaneng ka joang, ka mor'a ho beha mela e 'meli kapa e meraro ea mycelium lipakeng tsa lehlaka. Ho etsoa marulelo ka mokotleng oo li-mushroom li tla mela ka oona. Haeba mocheso o loketse li-mushroom, ho tla ba le chai e ngata.