Vithamine K

Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang le litlamorao 'meleng

'Mele o hloka vithamine K ho hlahisa prothrombin - protheine le mali a hoama mali, a bohlokoa hape bakeng sa metabolism ea masapo. Vithamine K1, kapa phylloquinone, e jeoa ka limela. Ke mofuta o ka sehloohong oa vithamine K. ea phepo e nepahetseng Mohloli o monyane ke vithamine K2 kapa menahinon, e fumanoang liseleng tsa liphoofolo tse ling le lijong tse lomositsoeng.

Metabolism mmeleng

Vithamine K e sebetsa e le coenzyme bakeng sa carboxylase e itšetlehileng ka vithamine K, enzyme e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho qaptjoa ha liprotheine tse amehang ho koaleng mali le metabolism ea masapo, le mesebetsi e meng e fapaneng ea mmele. Prothrombin (coagulation factor II) ke protheine ea lero la mali e itšetlehileng ka vithamine K e amanang ka kotloloho le mali. Joalo ka lipids tsa lijo le livithamini tse ling tse qhibilihang mafura, vithamine K e kenang e kenella micelles ka ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tsa bile le pancreatic mme e ananeloa ke li-enterocyte tsa mala a manyane. Ho tloha moo, vithamine K e kenyelletsoa liprotheine tse rarahaneng, e kenngoa ka har'a li-capillaries tsa lymphatic, ebe e isoa sebeteng. Vithamine K e fumanoa sebeteng le liseleng tse ling tsa 'mele, ho kenyelletsa boko, pelo, manyeme le masapo.

Ha e ajoa 'meleng, vithamine K e isoa haholo lipoprotein. Ha e bapisoa le livithamini tse ling tse qhibilihang mafura, vithamine K e nyane haholo e potoloha maling. Vithamine K e silafatsoa ka potlako 'me e ntšoa' meleng. Ho ipapisitsoe le litekanyo tsa phylloquinone, 'mele o boloka feela hoo e ka bang 30-40% ea lethal dose ea molomo, ha e ka bang 20% ​​e tsoa ka har'a moroto le 40% ho isa ho 50% mantle ka nko. Ts'ebetso ena e potlakileng ea metabolism e hlalosa litekanyo tse batlang li le tlase tsa vithamine K ha li bapisoa le livithamini tse ling tse qhibilihang mafura.

Ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka ho monya le ho tsamaisa vithamine K e hlahisoang ke mala a baktheria, empa lithuto li bonts'a hore ho na le li-menaquinone tse ngata tse telele tse teng ka maleng a maholo. Le ha bongata ba vithamine K boo 'mele o bo fumanang ka tsela ena bo sa hlaka, litsebi li lumela hore li-menaquinone tsena li khotsofatsa bonyane tlhoko ea' mele ea vithamine K.

Melemo ea vithamine K

• melemo ea bophelo ba masapo: Ho na le bopaki ba kamano pakeng tsa ho noa vithamine K e tlase le nts'etsopele ea lefu la masapo. Liphuputso tse 'maloa li bontšitse hore vithamine K e khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea masapo a matla, e ntlafatsa masapo a masapo le ho fokotsa kotsi;
• ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba kelello: Litekanyo tse phahameng tsa mali tsa vithamine K li amahanngoa le ntlafatso ea memori ea li-episodic ho batho ba baholo. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, batho ba phetseng hantle ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 70 ba nang le vithamine K1 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea mali ba bile le ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetesisa ea memori ea mantsoe;
• thusa mosebetsing oa pelo: Vithamine K e ka thusa ho fokotsa khatello ea mali ka ho thibela ho ts'oaroa ha methapo ea methapo. Sena se lumella pelo ho pompa mali ka bolokolohi ka har'a lijana. Liminerale hangata e hlaha ka lilemo mme ke kotsi ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lefu la pelo. Ho boetse ho bontšitsoe ho noa vithamine K e lekaneng ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho ba le tšoaetso.

Lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng le vithamine K

Vithamine K, joalo ka livithamini tse ling tse qhibilihang mafura, e na le thuso ea ho kopana le mafura a "nepahetseng". - hape o na le melemo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo bo botle 'me o thusa' mele ho monya sehlopha se itseng sa livithamini - ho kenyeletsoa vithamine K, e leng senotlolo sa popo ea masapo le ho hoama ha mali. Mehlala ea likopano tse nepahetseng ntlheng ena e ka ba:

• chard, kapa, kapa kale e kenngoe kahare, ka tlatsetso ea botoro ea konofolo;
• limela tse halikiloeng tsa Brussels le;
• Ho nkuoa ho nepahetse ho eketsa parsley ho salate le lijana tse ling, hobane letsoho le le leng la parsley le khona ho fa 'mele tlhoko ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea vithamine K.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore vithamine K e fumaneha habonolo lijong, hape e hlahisoa ka bongata ke 'mele oa motho. Ho ja lijo tse nepahetseng, tse kenyelletsang litholoana tse fapaneng, meroho, litlama, hammoho le karolelano e nepahetseng ea liprotheine, mafura le lik'habohaedreite, li lokela ho fa 'mele palo e lekaneng ea limatlafatsi. Lisebelisoa tsa vithamine li lokela ho laeloa ke ngaka bakeng sa maemo a itseng a bongaka.

Ho sebelisana le likarolo tse ling

Vithamine K e sebelisana ka mafolofolo le. Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea vithamine K 'meleng e ka thibela tse ling tsa litla-morao tsa vithamine D e feteletseng,' me maemo a tloaelehileng a livithamini ka bobeli a fokotsa kotsi ea ho robeha ha letheka le ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso. Ntle le moo, tšebelisano-'moho ea livithamini tsena e ntlafatsa maemo a insulin, khatello ea mali le ho fokotsa likotsi. Hammoho le vithamine D, calcium e boetse e nka karolo lits'ebetsong tsena.

Vithamine A chefo e ka senya tšebetso ea vithamine K2 ke libaktheria tsa mala sebeteng. Ho phaella moo, tekanyetso e phahameng ea vithamine E le metabolites ea eona e ka boela ea ama mosebetsi oa vithamine K le ho kenngoa ha eona mala.

Sebelisa meriana ea molao

Meriana ea setso, vithamine K e nkoa e sebetsa maemong a latelang:

• ho thibela ho tsoa mali ho masea a nang le vithamine K e tlase; bakeng sa sena, vithamine e tsamaisoa ka molomo kapa ka ente.
• ho phekola le ho thibela ho tsoa mali ho batho ba nang le protheine e tlase e bitsoang prothrombin; vithamine K e nooa ka molomo kapa ka methapo.
• ka lefu la lefutso le bitsoang khaello ea "clotting factor" e haelloang; ho noa vithamine ka molomo kapa ka methapo ho thusa ho thibela ho tsoa mali.
• ho etsolla litlamorao tsa ho nka warfarin e ngata haholo; katleho e fihlellwa ha ho noa vithamine ka nako e ts'oanang le sethethefatsi, ho tsitsisa ts'ebetso ea ho koala mali.

Pharmacology, vithamine K e fumanoa ka li-capsules, marotholi le liente. E ka fumaneha e le mong kapa e le karolo ea multivitamin - haholoholo hammoho le vithamine D. Bakeng sa ho tsoa mali ho bakoang ke mafu a kang hypothrombinemia, 2,5 - 25 mg ea vithamine K1 hangata e laeloa. Ho thibela ho tsoa mali ha u noa li-anticoagulants tse ngata, nka 1 ho ea ho 5 mg ea vithamine K. Japane, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) e khothalletsoa ho thibela nts'etsopele ea lefu la masapo. Re lokela ho hopola hore tsena ke litlhahiso tse akaretsang, 'me ha u noa meriana efe kapa efe, ho kenyeletsoa le livithamini, u hloka ho buisana le ngaka ea hau..

Ka meriana ea setso

Meriana ea setso e nka vithamine K e le pheko ea ho tsoa mali khafetsa ,,, mala kapa duodenum, hammoho le ho tsoa mali ka popelong. Mehloli ea mantlha ea vithamine e nkuoa ke lingaka tsa setso e le meroho e makhasi a matala, k'habeche, mokopu, li-beet, sebete, yolk ea mahe, hammoho le limela tse ling tsa moriana - mokotla oa molisa le pepere ea metsi.

Ho matlafatsa methapo ea mali, hammoho le ho boloka boits'ireletso ba mmele ka kakaretso, ho eletsoa ho sebelisa decoction ea litholoana le, makhasi a nettle, jj. Moriana o joalo o nkuoa nakong ea mariha, pele ho khoeli e le 'ngoe, pele ho lijo.

Makhasi a na le vithamine ea K e ngata, e atisang ho sebelisoa meriana ea setso ho emisa ho tsoa mali, e le moriana oa bohloko le ho kokobetsa bohloko. E nkoa ka mokhoa oa li-decoctions, li-tinctures, li-poultices le li-compress. Tincture ea makhasi a semela e theola khatello ea mali, e thusa ho khohlela le maloetse a phefumolohang. Ke khale mokotla oa Shepherd o nkoang e le ntho e qhekellang 'me hangata o sebelisoa meriana ea setso ho emisa ho tsoa mali kahare le ka popelong. Semela se sebelisoa e le decoction kapa infusion. Hape, ho emisa pōpelo le ho tsoa mali ho hong, ho sebelisoa metsoako le litlhakiso tsa makhasi a nettle, a nang le vithamine ea K e ngata. Ka linako tse ling yarrow e kenyelletsoa makhasi a nettle ho eketsa ho hoama ha mali.

Patlisiso ea morao-rao ea mahlale a vithamine K

Phuputsong e kholo le ea morao-rao ea mofuta ona, bafuputsi Univesithing ea Surrey ba fumane khokahano lipakeng tsa lijo le kalafo e sebetsang ea ramatiki ea masapo.

Phuputso e phatlalalitsoeng ho American Journal of High Pressure e supa hore liprotheine tse sa sebetseng tsa Gla-protein (tse atisang ho sebelisoa ke vithamine K) li ka supa kotsi e eketsehileng ea lefu la pelo.

Ho ja vithamine K e sa lekaneng ho bacha ho 'nile ha amahanngoa le lefu la pelo.

Sebelisa cosmetology

Ka tloaelo, vithamine K e nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea livithamine tsa bohlokoa tsa botle, hammoho le livithamini A, C le E. E atisa ho sebelisoa ka 2007% ea mahloriso lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea letlalo bakeng sa matšoao a otlolohileng, maqeba, rosacea le rosacea ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho ntlafatsa methapo ea mali. bophelo bo botle le ho emisa ho tsoa mali. Ho lumeloa hore vithamine K e boetse e khona ho sebetsana ka katleho le li-circles tse lefifi tlas'a mahlo. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore vithamine K e ka boela ea thusa ho loantša matšoao a botsofali. Boithuto ba XNUMX bo bonts'a hore batho ba nang le vithamine K malabsorption ba ne ba tsebahatsa makukuno pele ho nako.

Vithamine K e boetse e molemo bakeng sa ho sebelisoa lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea 'mele. Phuputso e phatlalalitsoeng ho Journal of Vascular Research e bontša hore vithamine K e ka thusa ho thibela ketsahalo ena. E kenya tšebetsong protheine e khethehileng e hlokahalang ho thibela calcification ea marako a methapo - sesosa sa methapo ea varicose.

Litlolo tsa indasteri li sebelisa mofuta o le mong feela oa vithamine ena - phytonadione. Ke motsoako oa mali, o tsitsisa boemo ba methapo ea mali le capillaries. Vithamine K e boetse e sebelisoa nakong ea ntlafatso kamora ho buuoa ka polasetiki, lits'ebetso tsa laser, ho ebola.

Ho na le diresepe tse ngata bakeng sa limaske tsa sefahleho sa tlhaho tse nang le lisebelisoa tse nang le vithamine K. Lihlahisoa tse joalo ke parsley, dill, spinach, mokopu,. Li-mask tse joalo hangata li kenyelletsa livithamine tse ling tse kang A, E, C, B6 ho finyella phello e ntle ka ho fetisisa letlalong. Vithamine K, haholo-holo, e khona ho fa letlalo ponahalo e ncha, makhopho a boreleli, ho tlosa li-circles tse lefifi le ho fokotsa ponahalo ea methapo ea mali.

1. Kakaretso e sebetsang haholo ea boikhohomoso le nchafatso ke mask o nang le lero la lemone, lebese la coconut le khale. Mask ona o sebelisoa sefahlehong hoseng, makhetlo a 'maloa ka beke metsotso e 1. Bakeng sa ho lokisa maske, ho hlokahala hore o pepete lero la lilae (e le hore ho fumanoe teaspoon e le 'ngoe), hlatsoa khale (e tletseng letsoho) ebe u kopanya metsoako eohle (8 teaspoon ea mahe a linotši le khaba ea lebese la coconut ). Ebe o ka sila metsoako eohle ea blender, kapa, haeba o khetha mochini o motenya, sila k'habeche ka blender, ebe o kenya likarolo tse ling kaofela ka letsoho. Mask e qetiloeng e ka kenngoa ka nkho ea khalase ebe e bolokoa ka sehatsetsing beke.
2. 2 Maske o matlafatsang, o khathollang le o nolofatsang ke mask o nang le banana, mahe a linotši le avocado. Banana e na le livithamini le liminerale tse ngata joalo ka vithamine B6, magnesium, vithamine C, potasiamo, biotin, jj.Avocado e na le omega-3s, fiber, vithamine K, koporo, folate le vithamine E. E thusa ho sireletsa letlalo mahlaseling a UV . Mahe a linotsi ke ntho ea tlhaho e thibelang likokoana-hloko, likokoana-hloko le likokoana-hloko. Hammoho, metsoako ena ke letlotlo la lintho tse molemo letlalong. Bakeng sa ho lokisa maske, o hloka ho luba banana ebe o eketsa teaspoon e 1 ea mahe a linotši. Etsa kopo ho letlalo le hloekisitsoeng, tlohela metsotso e 10, u hlatsoe ka metsi a futhumetseng.

1. 3 Setsebi se tsebahalang sa cosmetologist Ildi Pekar o arolelana risepe eo a e ratang haholo bakeng sa mask o iketselitsoeng bakeng sa bofubelu le ho ruruha: e na le parsley, asene ea apole cider le yogurt. Sila e 'ngoe ea parsley ka har'a blender, eketsa likhabapo tse peli tsa asene ea cider e sa hloekang le likhaba tse tharo tsa yogurt ea tlhaho. Sebelisa motsoako letlalong le hloekisitsoeng metsotso e 15, ebe u hlatsoa ka metsi a futhumetseng. Mask ena e ke ke ea fokotsa feela bofubelu ka lebaka la vithamine K e nang le parsley, empa hape e tla ba le phello e nyane ea ho soeufatsa.
2. Bakeng sa letlalo le khanyang, le mongobo le le nang le molumo, ho eletsoa ho sebelisa mask e entsoeng ka yoghurt ea tlhaho. Cucumber e na le livithamini C le K, e leng li-antioxidants tse nolofatsang letlalo le ho loants'a selikalikoe se lefifi. Yoghurt ea tlhaho exfoliates letlalo, tlosa lisele tse shoeleng, moisturize le fana ka khanya ea tlhaho. Ho lokisa maske, sila likomkomere ka blender ebe o kopanya le thispone e le 4 ea yoghurt ea tlhaho. E tlohele letlalong metsotso e 1 ebe o hlatsoa ka metsi a pholileng.

Vithamine K bakeng sa moriri

Ho na le maikutlo a mahlale a hore ho haella ha vithamine K2 'meleng ho ka lebisa ho lahleheloeng ke moriri. E thusa ho nchafatseng le ho khutliseng methapo ea moriri. Ho phaella moo, vithamine K, joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, e kenya protheine e khethehileng 'meleng e laolang ho potoloha ha calcium le ho thibela khalsiamo e kenang maboteng a methapo ea mali. Phallo e nepahetseng ea mali hloohong e ama ka kotloloho sekhahla le boleng ba kholo ea kholo. Ntle le moo, calcium e ikarabella bakeng sa taolo ea testosterone ea lihormone, eo, haeba e ka senyeha tlhahiso, e ka e bakang - ho banna le basali. Ka hona, ho kgothaletswa ho kenyelletsa lijong tse nang le vithamine K2 e ngata - soya e belisitsoeng, chisi e holileng tsebong, kefir, sauerkraut, nama.

Ts'ebeliso ea mehlape

Ho tloha ha e sibolloa, ho tsebahala hore vithamine K e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea ho hoama ha mali. Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse hore vithamine K e bohlokoa hape ho metabolism ea calcium. Vithamine K ke phepo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa liphoofolo tsohle, leha e se mehloli eohle e bolokehileng.

Likhoho, haholo-holo li-broilers le li-turkeys, li atisa ho hlahisa matšoao a ho haella ha vithamine K ho feta mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo, e ka bakoang ke tšebetso ea bona e khutšoanyane ea lijo le lijo tse potlakileng. Liphoofolo tse busolosang tse kang likhomo le linku ha ho bonahale li hloka mohloli oa phepo ea vithamine K ka lebaka la kokoana-hloko ea vithamine ena ka har'a rumen, e leng se seng sa likarolo tsa mpa tsa liphoofolo tsena. Hobane lipere ke tse jang limela, litlhoko tsa tsona tsa vithamine K li ka fihlelleha ho tsoa mehloling e fumanoang limeleng le ho tsoa ho likokoana-hloko tse tsoang mala.

Mehloli e fapaneng ea vithamine K e amoheloang bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea phepo ea liphoofolo e tsejoa ka bophara e le metsoako e sebetsang ea vithamine K. Ho na le metsoako e 'meli e sebetsang ea vithamine K - menadione le menadione branesulfite complex. Metsoako ena e 'meli e boetse e sebelisoa haholo mefuteng e meng ea phepo ea liphoofolo, kaha litsebi tsa phepo e ntle hangata li kenyelletsa metsoako e sebetsang ea vithamine K ha ho etsoa fepa ho thibela khaello ea vithamine K. Le ha mehloli ea limela e na le vithamine K e phahameng haholo, ha ho tsejoe hanyane ka voavailability ea vithamine e tsoang mehloling ena. Ho latela sengoliloeng sa NRC, Vitamin Tolerances of Animals (1987), vithamine K ha e lebise ho chefo ha e sebelisa phylloquinone e ngata, mofuta oa tlhaho oa vithamine K. Ho boetse ho hlokomeloa hore menadione, vithamine K ea maiketsetso e sebelisoang haholo phoofolo fepa, e ka kenyelletsoa ho fihlela maemong a fetang makhetlo a 1000 palo e jeoang ka lijo, ho se na litlamorao tse mpe liphoofolong ntle le lipere. Tsamaiso ea metsoako ena ka ente e bakile litlamorao tse mpe lipereng, 'me ha ho hlake hore na litlamorao li tla etsahala le ha li-vithamine K Actives li eketsoa lijong. Vithamine K le lintho tse sebetsang tsa vithamine K li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho faneng ka limatlafatsi tsa bohlokoa lijong tsa liphoofolo.

Tlhahisong ea lijalo

Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, ho bile le keketseho e kholo ea ts'ebeliso ea mmele oa vithamine K ho metabolism ea semela. Ntle le kamano ea eona e tsebahalang haholo le photosynthesis, ho na le monyetla oa hore phylloquinone e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa le likarolong tse ling tsa limela. Liphuputso tse 'maloa, ka mohlala, li khothalelitse ho nka karolo ha vithamine K ketaneng ea lipalangoang e tsamaisang lielektrone ho pholletsa le lera la plasma, le monyetla oa hore molek'hule ena e thuse ho boloka boemo bo nepahetseng ba oxidation ea liprotheine tse ling tsa bohlokoa tse kentsoeng ka lera la sele. Boteng ba mefuta e fapaneng ea li-quinone reductases tse kahara mokelikeli oa sele bo ka lebisa mohopolong oa hore vithamine e kanna ea amahanngoa le matamo a mang a enzymatic a tsoang lera la sele. Ho fihlela joale, lithuto tse ncha le tse tebileng li ntse li etsoa ho utloisisa le ho hlakisa mekhoa eohle eo phylloquinone e amehang ka eona.

Litlhaloso le litemoso

Vithamine K e tsitsitse haholo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea lijo ho feta livithamini tse ling. Vithamine K e 'ngoe ea tlhaho e ka fumanoa ho tse hananang le mocheso le mongobo nakong ea ho pheha. Vithamine ha e na botsitso ha e pepesetsoa liasiti, alkalis, leseli le li-oxidants. Ho hatsela ho ka fokotsa maemo a vithamine K lijong. Ka linako tse ling e kenyelletsoa lijong e le mokhoa oa ho thibela ho belisoa.

Matšoao a khaello

Bopaki ba hajoale bo bontša hore khaello ea vithamine K ke ea tlhaho ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle, kaha vithamine e na le lijo tse ngata. Bao hangata ba leng kotsing ea ho ba le khaello ke ba noang li-anticoagulants, bakuli ba nang le tšenyo e kholo ea sebete le ho monya mafura a tsoang lijong le masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa. Ho haella ha vithamine K ho lebisa bothateng ba ho tsoa mali, hangata bo bonts'ang ka liteko tsa "

Matšoao a kenyeletsa:

• ho longoa le ho tsoa mali habonolo;
• ho tsoa mali ka nko, marenene;
• mali ka morong le litulo;
• ho tsoa mali ho matla ha a ilela khoeli;
• ho tsoa mali a mangata kahare ho masea.

Ha ho na likotsi tse tsebahalang ho batho ba phetseng hantle tse amanang le tekanyetso e phahameng ea vithamine K1 (phylloquinone) kapa vithamine K2 (menaquinone).

Likamano tsa lithethefatsi

Vithamine K e ka ba le litšebelisano tse tebileng le tse ka bang kotsi ho li-anticoagulants tse kang warfarin'me kholofelo, acenocoumarol 'me thooclomaroltse sebelisoang haholo linaheng tse ling tsa Europe. Lithethefatsi tsena li kena-kenana le tšebetso ea vithamine K, e lebisang ho felisoeng ha lintho tse thibelang vithamine K.

Lithibela-mafu li ka bolaea libaktheria tse hlahisang vithamine K ka maleng, li ka theola vithamine K.

Li-sequestrants tsa acid tse sebelisetsoang ho theola maemo ka ho thibela ho ts'oaroa hape ha li-acid li ka fokotsa ho monya vithamine K le livithamini tse ling tse qhibilihang mafura, leha bohlokoa ba kliniki ea phello ena bo sa hlaka. Phello e ts'oanang e ka ba le lithethefatsi tsa tahlehelo ea boima bo sitisang ho monya mafura ke 'mele, ka ho latellana, le livithamini tse qhibilihang mafura.

Bala hape ka livithamini tse ling: