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Lefu la Alzheimer ke lefu la neurodegenerative le atisang ho ama batho ba baholo. Matšoao a kenyeletsa 'dementia' e ntseng e tsoela pele, mathata a ho hopola, ho teneha le ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo. Lefu la Alzheimer ha le phekolehe 'me hangata ha le kenyelle batho ba kulang ho sebetsa ka boikemelo.
Lisosa tsa lefu la Alzheimer
Ho hlaha ha lefu la Alzheimer ho amahanngoa le lintlha tse fapaneng: liphatsa tsa lefutso, tikoloho, le kelello (ts'ebetso ea nako e telele ea kelello e liehisa lefu lena). Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela joale, sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu la Alzheimer ha se so tsejoe. Ho na le likhopolo-taba tse 'maloa tsa saense, ho kenyelletsa le liphetoho ho DNA tse ka tlatsetsang ponahalong ea lefu lena.
Lefu la Alzheimer le baka, har'a tse ling, mathata a kelello a bakoang ke tšitiso ea phetisetso ea matšoao tsamaisong ea cholinergic ea forebrain. Mathata ana a bakoa ke ho senyeha ha li-neuron tsa cholinergic (tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tlhokomelo, ho hopotsa). Li-neuron tse ling le tsona lia senyeha, tse bakang ho se thahaselle, ho thetsa, ho ba mabifi le boitšoaro bo litšila.
Tsela ea lefu la Alzheimer
Sesosa se seholo sa 'dementia' ho lefu la Alzheimer's ke tšenyo ea li-neuron tsa cholinergic, leha ho le joalo, li-amyloid deposits tsa pele-pele li hlaha ho glutamatergic neurons tse ikarabellang bakeng sa phetiso e tsosang takatso ea boko, e ka har'a entorhinal le associative cortex le hippocampus. Mehaho ena ea boko e ikarabella bakeng sa mohopolo le maikutlo. Joale li-plaque tsa senile li hlaha ka har'a likhoele tsa cholinergic le serotonin. Ha lefu lena le ntse le tsoela pele, palo ea li-amyloid deposits ea eketseha 'me e lebisa ho timetseng ha glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonin le noradrenergic neurons.
Lefu la Alzheimer le qala ka mokhoa o sa lemoheng 'me ha le na mokhoa o tloaelehileng. E nka lilemo tse 5 ho isa ho tse 12. Matšoao a pele ke mathata a ho hopola le ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo (ho tepella maikutlong le ho hlaseloa ka mantsoe-'meleng). Joale, mathata a mohopolo o mocha le o hole a mpefala, a etsa hore ho se khonehe ho sebetsa ka boikemelo. Bakuli ba Alzheimer ba qala ho ba le bothata ba ho bua, meriana le lipono li mpefala. Bokuli bo tsoetseng pele, mokuli ha a khone ho lemoha mang kapa mang, o bua mantsoe a le mong, ka linako tse ling ha a bue ho hang. Ka kakaretso, o qeta nako eohle a le betheng 'me ha a khone ho ja a le mong. Hangata ha a thahaselle ka ho teba, empa ka linako tse ling ho ba le matšoao a morusu o mabifi.
Kalafo ea lefu la Alzheimer
Phekolong ea matšoao a lefu la Alzheimer's, ho sebelisoa mefuta e fapaneng ea lithethefatsi, ho kenyelletsa: lithethefatsi tsa procognitive (ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba kelello), ho eketsa metabolism ea boko, lithethefatsi tse matlafatsang psychostimulating, ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali, ho theola khatello ea mali, li-anticoagulants, ho thibela cerebral hypoxia, livithamini, anti-inflammatory. lithethefatsi, lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic.
Ka bomalimabe, ha ho na phekolo e seng e entsoe bakeng sa lisosa tsa lefu la Alzheimer. E 'ngoe ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea phekolo ke ho eketsa boleng ba conductivity tsamaisong ea cholinergic – e anngoeng haholo ke lefu lena.
Ho sibolloa ka 1986 neuronal growth factor (NGF) E tlisitse tšepo e ncha bakeng sa ho hlaha ha moriana o mocha o sebetsang mafung a neurodegenerative. NGF e sebelisa trophic (e ntlafatsa ho phela) le triopic (e susumetsa khōlo) liphello ho batho ba bangata ba neuronal, e thibela tšenyo ea lisele tsa methapo. Sena se ile sa fana ka maikutlo a hore NGF e ka ba moemeli ea ka bang teng bakeng sa phekolo ea lefu la Alzheimer's. Ka bomalimabe, NGF ke protheine e sa tšelang mokoallo oa mali-boko 'me e tlameha ho tsamaisoa ka intracerebrally. Ka bomalimabe, ente e tobileng ea NGF ka har'a mokelikeli ka har'a li-ventricle tsa boko e baka litla-morao tse ngata tse tebileng
Liphuputso tse ling le tsona li fana ka maikutlo a hore lintho tse tsoang sehlopheng sa phosphodiesterase inhibitors e ka ba sethethefatsi se sebetsang ho thibela nts'etsopele le ho fokotsa matšoao a lefu la Alzheimer's. Sehlopha sa bafuputsi Univesithing ea Columbia, se etelletsoeng pele ke Ottavio Arancio le Michael Shelanski, se fumane hore phekolo ea rolipram (sethethefatsi se sebelisetsoa ho phekola ho tepella maikutlo linaheng tse ling) e ntlafatsa mohopolo le temoho. Ho feta moo, sethethefatsi sena ha se sebetse feela maemong a pele a lefu lena, empa hape le ho batho ba nang le lefu la Alzheimer's e tsoetseng pele. Rolipram ke phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Phosphodiesterase ke eona e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho robeha ha molek'hule ea cAMP, e susumetsang kholo ea lisele tsa methapo. Rolipram e thibela ho robeha ha cAMP ka ho thibela tšebetso ea phosphodiesterase, e etsang hore cAMP e bokelle liseleng tse senyehileng tsa methapo. Ka lebaka leo, mekhoa e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho nchafatsa lisele tsa methapo e senyehileng e ka etsahala.
Ka ho sebelisa boko ka matla, re bo sireletsa khahlanong le lits'ebetso tsa neurodegenerative mme ka nako e ts'oanang re susumetsa neurogenesis, ka hona re lelefatsa bacha ba likelello tsa rona le ho eketsa menyetla ea ho lula re le bohlaleng bophelo bohle ba rona. Kahoo ho nahana ha ho bope bophelo ba rona feela, empa hape le bophelo bo botle ba rona.
Bala haholoanyane ka lijo tse sireletsang Alzheimer's!
Mongolo: Krzysztof Tokarski, MD, PhD, mofuputsi Setsing sa Pharmacology ea Polish Academy of Sciences e Krakow
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