Ciguatera ke lefu la lijo le bakoang ke ho ja tlhapi e silafalitsoeng ke chefo e bitsoang "ciguatoxin". Neurotoxin ena e sebetsa likanaleng tsa calcium tsa tsamaiso ea methapo. E fetola ho leka-lekana ha methapo ea kutlo mme e baka mathata a tšilo ea lijo le pelo. Sena se fella ka lihora tse latelang ho sebelisoa ke mahlaba ka mpeng, a tsamaeang le ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa kapa lets'ollo. Matšoao a mang, a kang ho tsekela, ho holofala kapa hypersalivation e ka hlaha. Lefu la Ciguatera le hloka hore motho a buisane le ngaka. Kalafo e na le matšoao.

Lentsoe Ciguatera le tsoa lebitsong la Cuba "cigua" la mollusk e nyane Cittarium pica, eo hape e bitsoang Antilles troch. Lefu la Ciguatera, kapa "ho hlohlona" ka lebaka la ho hlohlona ha lona, ​​esale le tsebahala ho tloha lekholong la boXNUMX la lilemo. E bakoa ke ho ja litlhapi tse kholo tse jang nama ea tropike le ea tropike, joalo ka barracuda, e silafalitsoeng ke chefo e bitsoang "ciguatoxin", e hlahisoang ke bolele bo sa bonahaleng bo holang mafika a likorale a silafetseng.

Lefu la Ciguatera le atile linakong tsohle tsa tropike le libakeng tsa tropike (Oceania, Polynesia, Indian Ocean, Caribbean). Metsi a tlameha ho ba a futhumetseng mme a sireletse mafika a likorale. Kotsi ea tšoaetso e phahame ka mor'a leholiotsoana.

Ciguatoxin, e ikarabellang bakeng sa lefu lena, e hlahisoa ke bolele bo sa bonahaleng haholo, bo bitsoang Gambierdiscus toxicus, bo hlahang masapong a likorale tse shoeleng. Sena se jeoa ke litlhapi tse sebakeng sa mepopotlo ea likorale tse silafetseng, 'me, ha ketane ea lijo e ntse e tsoela pele, e ka tsepamisa maikutlo ho litlhapi tse jang nama, tseo ka botsona li jeoang ke tse kholo ho feta tsona. E qetellang, joaloka moray eel kapa barracuda, joale li tšoasoa ke batho ba li jang. Maemo a ciguatoxin a tatellano ea li-nanogram tse lekholo kapa esita le li-microgram, tse lekaneng ho qala matšoao ho batho.

Ka hona ho na le kotsi ea ho chefo bakeng sa bareki ba litlhapi tsena, haholo-holo kaha chefo ena ha e khone ho pheha. Ke ka lebaka lena mefuta e itseng e thibetsoeng ho tšoasa ho ea ka boima ba eona le kapa ho ea ka libaka tsa eona tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi. Ho thibela lefu la Ciguatera, ho khothalletsoa, ​​ha u lula libakeng tseo chefo e leng ho tsona, ho khomarela litlhahiso tse latelang.

Qoba ho ja litlhapi tse "kholo ho feta poleiti ea hau".

Joalo ka:

• sehlopha;
• barracuda; 
• parrot litlhapi;
• shaka ;
• tlhapi e buoang;
• lutjan ;
• lehare; 
• lekhala;
• maru;
• loche;
• becune
• tlhapi ea napoleon, joalo-joalo.

Likhothaletso tse ling

Ho bohlokoa ho:

• le ka mohla u se ke ua ja sebete kapa li-viscera tsa litlhapi tse tsoang libakeng tsena;
• ho se je litlhapi tseo matsoalloa a tsona a sa li jeng;
• kamehla bonts'a litlhapi tsa hau ho motšoasi oa litlhapi oa sebakeng seo pele u li ja.

Ciguatoxin ke neurotoxin e sebetsang likanaleng tsa calcium tsa tsamaiso ea methapo. E fetola ho leka-lekana ha methapo ea kutlo mme e ka baka matšoao a mangata. Hangata, matšoao a hlaha pakeng tsa lihora tse 1 ho isa ho tse 4 ka mor'a ho ja, hangata ho feta lihora tse 24:

Matšoao a silang lijo

Hangata matšoao a qala ka matšoao a tšilo ea lijo:

• ho nyekeloa ke pelo;
• ho hlatsa;
• letšollo;
• bohloko ka mpeng;
• hypersalivation kapa molomo o omileng.

Matšoao a pelo

Matšoao a pelo le methapo a bontša ho teba ha chefo:

• brachycardia (ho otla ha pelo butle);
• hypotension ea methapo.

Lipontšo tse ling

Matšoao a methapo ea kutlo:

• paresthesias (tingling) haholo-holo lipheletsong le sefahleho, haholo-holo molomong;
• maikutlo a ho felloa ke matla;
• ho chesa maikutlo kapa ho ts'oaroa ha motlakase ha u kopana le lintho tse batang;
• mathata a ho hokahanya le ho leka-lekanya;
• pherekano;
• lipono ;
• hlooho;
• botsoa;
• ho holofala, joalo-joalo.

Matšoao a letlalo:

• ho hlohlona (pruritus) haholo-holo liatleng tsa matsoho le maotong;
• bokhubedu.

Matšoao a mang:

• bohloko ba mesifa le manonyeletso;
• mofufutso;
• khathetse.

Boloetse ba Ciguatera bo ka ba kotsi haholo esita le ho bolaea haeba ho e-na le ho holofala ha mesifa ea ho hema kapa ho hloleha ha pelo. Nts'etsopele ea "hypersensitivity" ho litlhapi le lijo tse tsoang leoatleng lia khoneha.

Ga go na kalafi ya bolwetse jwa Ciguatera, jo bo ikelang ka bojone mo malatsing a le mmalwa fela. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, taolo ea lithethefatsi e ikemiselitse ho fokotsa matšoao, haholo-holo mathata a pelo, a kotsi ka ho fetisisa. Liphekolo tsa matšoao ke tse latelang.

Khahlanong le ho hlohlona:

• antihistamines (Teldane, Polaramine);
• lithethefatsi tsa lehae (lidocaine gel).

Ho lokisa mathata a gastrointestinal:

• li-antispasmodics;
• lithibela-mafu;
• antidiarrheal.

Haeba ho na le mathata a pelo, ho kgothaletswa ho kena sepetlele mokuli ea ka behoang tlas'a:

• corticosteroids ho thibela ho qala ho tšoha;
• atropine sulphate ka bradycardia e sa mamelleheng hantle;
• li-analeptics tsa pelo nakong ea hypotension.

Haeba ho na le mathata a methapo ea kutlo: 

• phekolo ea vithamine B (B1, B6 le B12);
• amitriptyline (Laroxyl, Elavil);
• Tiapridal e kopantsoe le dexamethasone;
• salicylic acid e amanang le colchicine.

Kaha khatello ea maikutlo ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa lefu le bakoang ke lefu la Ciguatera, thuso ea phefumoloho ke karolo ea kalafo ea tšohanyetso ea mefuta e itseng e matla ea ho holofala ha ho hema.

Qetellong, bakuli le bona ba lokela ho qoba ho ja litlhapi matsatsing a ka mor'a hore lefu lena le qale e le hore ba se ke ba eketsa boemo ba bona ba ciguatoxin. Lino tse tahang le tsona ha li khothalletsoe, kaha li ka mpefatsa matšoao.