Tse ka Hare
Baferekanyi ba Endocrine: ba ipatile kae?
Endocrine disruptor: ke eng?
Litšitiso tsa Endocrine li kenyelletsa lelapa le leholo la metsoako, ea tlhaho ea tlhaho kapa ea maiketsetso, e khonang ho sebelisana le tsamaiso ea li-hormone. Ho li arola, tlhaloso ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo oa 2002 e lumellana: “Sesosa se ka ’nang sa baka tšitiso ea endocrine ke ntho e tsoang ka ntle ho naha kapa motsoako o nang le lintho tse ka bakang tšitiso ea endocrine nthong e phelang e phelang hantle, litloholong tsa eona. kapa ka har'a baahi ba tlase. “
Sistimi ea lihomone tsa motho e entsoe ka litšoelesa tsa endocrine: hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, mae a bomme, testes, joalo-joalo Li-hormone tsa morao-rao, "manģosa a lik'hemik'hale" a laolang mesebetsi e mengata ea 'mele ea' mele: metabolism, mesebetsi ea ho ikatisa, tsamaiso ea methapo, joalo-joalo. Ka hona, ba sitisang tsamaiso ea endocrine ba kena-kenana le litšoelesa tsa endocrine ’me ba sitisa tsamaiso ea lihomone.
Haeba lipatlisiso li bonts'a litlamorao tse mpe le ho feta tsa metsoako e mengata ea endocrine e sitisang bophelo bo botle le tikoloho, ke ba fokolang ba bona ba ipakileng e le "ba sitisang endocrine" ho fihlela joale. Leha ho le joalo, ba bangata ba belaelloa hore ba na le ts'ebetso ea mofuta ona.
'Me ka mabaka a utloahalang, chefo ea motsoako ka ho senyeha ha tsamaiso ea endocrine e itšetlehile ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng:
Litekanyetso tsa ho pepeseha: tse matla, tse fokolang, tse sa foleng;
Nako ea ho pepeseha: ho ba kotsing ea litšitiso tsa endocrine ha ho tšoane ka utero, pele kapa ka mor’a bochaba;
Liphello tsa Transgenerational: kotsi ea bophelo bo botle e ka 'na ea se ke ea ama feela motho ea pepesitsoeng, empa le bana ba bona;
Litlamorao tsa Cocktail: kakaretso ea metsoako e mengata ka litekanyetso tse tlase - ka linako tse ling ntle le kotsi ha e arotsoe - e ka baka litlamorao tse mpe.
Mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea litšitiso tsa endocrine
Mekhoa eohle ea ts'ebetso ea litšitiso tsa endocrine e ntse e le taba ea lipatlisiso tse ngata. Empa mekhoa e tsebahalang ea ts'ebetso, e fapaneng ho latela lihlahisoa tse nahanoang, e kenyelletsa:
Phetoho ea tlhahiso ea lihomone tsa tlhaho - estrogen, testosterone - ka ho kena-kenana le mekhoa ea bona ea ho kopanya, ho tsamaisa, kapa ho tsoa;
E etsisa ketso ea lihomone tsa tlhaho ka ho li nkela sebaka mekhoeng ea tlhaho eo li e laolang. Ena ke phello ea agonist: ho joalo le ka Bisphenol A;
Mehloli ea ho pepeseha ho litšitiso tsa endocrine
Ho na le mehloli e mengata ea ho pepesehela mafu a endocrine.
Lik'hemik'hale le lihlahisoa tsa indasteri
Mohloli oa pele, o pharaletseng haholo o ama lik'hemik'hale le lihlahisoa tsa indasteri. Ho thathamisitsoe lihlahisoa tse fetang sekete tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale. Har'a tse atileng haholo ke:
Bisphenol A (BPA), e kenngoa ka lebaka la hore e teng ka lijo le li-plastiki tse sa jeng: libotlolo tsa lipapali, metsoako ea meno le li-sealants tsa meno, lijana tsa lisebelisoa tsa metsi, lipapali tsa bana, li-CD le li-DVD, lilense tsa mahlo, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, lisebelisoa, lijana tsa polasetiki. , makotikoti le makotikoti a aluminium. Ka 2018, Khomishene ea Europe e ile ea beha moeli o ikhethileng oa ho falla bakeng sa BPA ho 0,6 milligrams ka kilo ea lijo. Tšebeliso ea eona e boetse e thibetsoe ka libotlolong tsa bana;
Phthalates, sehlopha sa lik'hemik'hale tsa indasteri tse sebelisetsoang ho etsa lipolasetiki tse thata joalo ka polyvinyl chloride (PVC) e bonolo kapa e tenyetsehe habonolo: likharetene tsa shaoara, lintho tsa ho bapala tse ling, likoahelo tsa vinyl, mekotla ea letlalo ea maiketsetso le liaparo, li-biomedicals, setaele sa lihlahisoa, tlhokomelo le lihlahisoa tsa litlolo le litlolo. Fora, tšebeliso ea bona e thibetsoe ho tloha ka May 3, 2011;
Dioxins: nama, lihlahisoa tsa lebese, tlhapi le lijo tsa leoatleng;
Li-Furans, molek'hule e nyenyane e entsoeng nakong ea ho futhumatsa lijo, joalo ka ho pheha kapa ho thibela likokoana-hloko: makotikoti a tšepe, linkho tsa khalase, lijo tse pakiloeng ka vacuum, kofi e halikiloeng, linkho tsa bana…;
Polycyclic e nkhang hamonate ea hydrocarbons (PAHs), e bakoang ke ho chesa ho sa fellang ha lintho tse phelang tse kang mafura, lehong, koae: moea, metsi, lijo;
Li-parabens, li-preservative tse sebelisoang lihlahisoa tse ngata: lithethefatsi, litlolo, lihlahisoa tsa bohloeki le indasteri ea lijo;
Organochlorines (DDT, chlordecone, joalo-joalo) e sebelisoang lihlahisoa tse sireletsang limela: li-fungicides, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, likokoana-hloko, joalo-joalo;
Butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) le butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), li-additives tse khahlano le oxidation: litlolo, litlolo, litlolo, litlolo tsa molomo le lithupa, lipentšele le meriti ea mahlo, liphutheloana tsa lijo, lijo-thollo, chewing gum, nama, margarine, sopho le lijo tse ling tse se nang metsi;
Alkylphenols: lipente, litlolo tse hlatsoang, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, liphaephe tsa PVC tsa metsi, lihlahisoa tsa mebala ea moriri, litlolo tse tlotsoang ka mor'a ho kuta, li-wipes tse lahloang, litlolo tsa ho kuta, li-spermicides…;
Cadmium, kankere e amehang mofetšeng oa matšoafo: li-plastiki, li-ceramics le likhalase tse mebala-bala, lisele tsa nickel-cadmium le libeteri, likopikopi, PVC, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, koae, metsi a nooang le likarolo tsa potoloho ea elektronike; empa hape le lijong tse itseng: soya, lijo tsa leoatleng, makotomane, peo ea soneblomo, lijo-thollo tse itseng le lebese la khomo.
Lisebelisuoa tse thibelang malakabe le mercury: masela a itseng, thepa ea ka tlung, materase, lihlahisoa tsa elektronike, likoloi, lithemomete, li-bulbs, libeteri, litlolo tse itseng tse bentšang letlalo, litlolo tse thibelang likokoana-hloko, marotholi a mahlo, joalo-joalo;
Triclosan, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-tartar le preservative, e fumanehang lihlahisoa tse ngata joalo ka: sesepa, sesepa sa meno, thuso ea pele le lihlahisoa tsa makhopho, litlolo, litlolo tsa ho kuta, litlolo tse mongobo, litlolo tse tlosang litlolo, litlolo, shaoara. likharetene, liponche tsa kichineng, lintho tsa ho bapala, liaparo tsa lipapali le mefuta e itseng ea polasetiki;
Moetapele: libeteri tsa koloi, liphaephe, likhetla tsa cable, thepa ea elektronike, pente linthong tse itseng tsa ho bapala, li-pigments, PVC, mabenyane le likhalase tsa kristale;
Tin le lintho tse tsoang ho eona, tse sebelisoang ho hlapolla;
Teflon le metsoako e meng e nang le perfluorinated (PFCs): litlolo tse itseng tsa 'mele, phekolo ea lik'hapete le masela, liphutheloana tsa lijo le lisebelisoa tsa ho pheha, lipapali le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, liaparo tse sa keneleng metsi, joalo-joalo;
Le tse ling tse ngata
Li-hormone tsa tlhaho kapa tsa maiketsetso
Mohloli oa bobeli o moholo oa ho senya endocrine ke lihomone tsa tlhaho - estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, joalo-joalo - kapa synthesis. Thibela pelehi, hormonal replacement, hormone therapy… Lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso tse etsisang liphello tsa lihomone tsa tlhaho hangata li sebelisoa meriana. Leha ho le joalo, lihomone tsena li ikopanya le tikoloho ea tlhaho ka litšila tsa tlhaho tsa motho kapa tsa liphoofolo.
Fora, Setsi sa Naha sa Ts'ireletseho ea Bophelo bo Botle, Tikoloho le Mosebetsing (ANSES) se ikemiselitse ho phatlalatsa ka 2021 lenane la litšitiso tsohle tsa endocrine…
Liphello le likotsi tsa litšitiso tsa endocrine
Litlamorao tse ka bang teng bakeng sa 'mele, tse ikhethileng ho moferefere o mong le o mong oa endocrine, li ngata:
Ho senyeha ha mesebetsi ea pelehi;
Ho se sebetse hantle ha litho tsa ho ikatisa;
Ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso ea qoqotho, nts'etsopele ea tsamaiso ea methapo le nts'etsopele ea kelello;
Phetoho ka karolelano ea thobalano;
lefu la tsoekere;
Botenya le mathata a mala;
Lik'hemik'hale tse itšetlehileng ka li-hormone: nts'etsopele ea lihlahala ka har'a lisele tse hlahisang kapa tse lebisang lihomone - qoqotho, sefuba, testes, prostate, popelo, joalo-joalo;
Le tse ling tse ngata
Pontšo ka utero e ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe bophelong bohle:
Ka sebopeho sa boko le ts'ebetso ea kelello;
Qalong ea bocha;
Ka taolo ea boima ba 'mele;
Le mesebetsing ea pelehi.
Litšitiso tsa Endocrine le Covid-19
Kamora phuputso ea pele ea Danish e totobatsang karolo ea motho ea nang le perfluorinated boteng ba Covid-19, ea bobeli e tiisa ho kenya letsoho ha litšitiso tsa endocrine bothateng ba seoa sena. E phatlalalitsoe ka Mphalane 2020 ke sehlopha sa Inserm mme se etelletsoe pele ke Karine Audouze, e senola hore ho pepesetsoa lik'hemik'hale tse sitisang tsamaiso ea endocrine ho ka kena-kenana le matšoao a fapaneng a likokoana-hloko 'meleng oa motho a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho matla a lefu lena. Covid 19.
Endocrine disruptors: mokhoa oa ho li thibela?
Haeba ho bonahala ho le thata ho baleha litšitiso tsa endocrine, mekhoa e seng mekae e metle e ka thusa ho itšireletsa khahlanong le bona le hanyenyane:
Li-plastiki tse ratoang tse nkoang li sireletsehile: Polyethylene e Phahameng kapa e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene e Fokotsoeng Kapa Polyethylene e Tlaase (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP);
Thibela li-plastiki tse nang le li-diruptors tsa endocrine tseo kotsi ea tsona e bontšitsoeng: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC);
Qoba li-plastiki tse nang le li-pictograms: 3 PVC, 6 PS le 7 PC ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha bona kotsi tlas'a phello ea mocheso;
Thibela lipane tsa Teflon le ho rata tšepe e sa hloekang;
Sebelisa likhalase kapa lijana tsa ceramic bakeng sa ontong ea microwave le ho boloka;
Hlatsoa litholoana le meroho ho felisa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang 'me u rate lihlahisoa tse tsoang temong ea manyolo;
Qoba li-additives E214-219 (parabens) le E320 (BHA);
Bala ka hloko li-label tsa bohloeki le lihlahisoa tsa botle, rata li-labels tsa manyolo 'me u thibele tse nang le metsoako e latelang: Butylparaben, propylparaben, sodium butylparaben, sodium propylparaben, potassium butylparaben, potassium propylparaben, BHA, BHT, Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, cyclomexathilcynate, cycloneethorhente, cycloneethorhente, cyclonetexiloxane, cyclonete, Benzophenone-1, benzophenone-3, Triclosan, joalo-joalo;
Tlosa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana (fungicides, herbicides, likokoanyana, joalo-joalo);
Le tse ling tse ngata