Lilemong tse 'nè tse fetileng, Chaena e hapile United States ho ba mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. O ile a boela a feta Japane ka boholo ba moruo. Empa ho na le tefello ea ho lefa bakeng sa katleho ena ea moruo. Ka matsatsi a mang, tšilafalo ea moea metseng e meholo ea Chaena e tebile haholo. Karolong ea pele ea 2013, karolo ea 38 lekholong ea metse ea Chaena e ile ea na le pula ea asiti. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 30 lekholong ea metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše le karolo ea 60 lekholong ea metsi a ka holim'a naha a ile a nkoa e le “mafutsana” kapa “a futsanehile haholo” tlalehong ea ’muso ea 2012.
Tšilafalo e joalo e na le liphello tse tebileng bophelong ba sechaba sa Chaena, ’me phuputso e ’ngoe ea morao tjena e bontša hore mosi o bolaile motho a le mong pele ho nako. Meruo e tsoetseng pele ea lefatše e ka ’na ea nyelisa Chaena, empa hoo e ne e tla ba boikaketsi, haholo-holo kaha United States, ka mohlala, e ne e le boemong bo tšoanang le bona lilemong tse mashome a mane tse fetileng.
Haufinyane tjena ka bo-1970, lintho tse silafatsang moea tse kang sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ka sebōpeho sa likaroloana tse nyenyane, li ne li le teng moeeng oa United States le Japane ka tekanyo e tšoanang le ea Chaena hona joale. Boiteko ba pele ba ho laola tšilafalo ea moea Japane bo entsoe ka 1968, 'me ka 1970 ho ile ha fetisoa Molao oa Moea o Hloekileng, oa kenya lilemo tse mashome a mangata tsa ho tiisa melao ea tšilafalo ea moea United States-'me leano lena le atlehile, ho isa tekanyong. Ho tsoa ha sebabole le nitrogen oxides ho fokotsehile ka liperesente tse 15 le liperesente tse 50, ka ho latellana, naheng ea Amerika lipakeng tsa 1970 le 2000, 'me moea oa lintho tsena o theohile ka liperesente tse 40 ka nako e ts'oanang. Japane, pakeng tsa 1971 le 1979, metsoako ea sulfur le nitrogen oxides e theohile ka karolo ea 35 lekholong le karolo ea 50 lekholong, ka ho latellana, ’me e ’nile ea tsoela pele ho theoha ho tloha ka nako eo. Hona joale ke nako ea Chaena ea ho ba thata holim'a tšilafalo, 'me bahlahlobisisi ba boletse tlalehong khoeling e fetileng hore naha e mothating oa lilemo tse leshome "moea o motala" oa ho tiisa taolo le matsete ho thekenoloji e hloekileng le mekhoa ea motheo. Ba ipapisitse le boiphihlelo ba Japane lilemong tsa bo-1970, bahlahlobisisi ba hakanya hore tšebeliso ea chelete ea China tikolohong nakong ea morero oa hajoale oa mmuso oa lilemo tse hlano (2011-2015) e ka fihla li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 3400 (liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 561). Likhamphani tse sebetsang liindastering tse ikarabellang bakeng sa bongata ba mesi e silafatsang - ha joale litsi tsa motlakase, bahlahisi ba samente le tšepe - ba tla tlameha ho ntša chelete e ngata ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa bona le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso ho latela melao e mecha ea tšilafalo ea moea.
Empa vector e tala ea China e tla ba thuso ho ba bang ba bangata. Ba boholong ba rera ho sebelisa li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 244 (liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 40) ho eketsa lik'hilomithara tse 159 tsa lipeipi tsa likhoerekhoere ka 2015. Naha e boetse e hloka licheso tse ncha ho sebetsana le bongata bo ntseng bo eketseha ba litšila tse hlahisoang ke batho ba mahareng ba ntseng ba eketseha.
Ka boemo ba mosi o aparetseng litoropo tse kholo tsa China, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba moea ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tse amehileng haholo ka tikoloho ea naha. Mmuso oa Chaena o amohetse tse ling tsa litekanyetso tse thata ka ho fetisisa tsa ho ntša moea lefatšeng.
Likhamphani nakong ea lilemo tse peli tse tlang li tla beoa lithibelo tse matla haholo. Ee, ha o fose. Metsi ea Sulfur oxide bakeng sa metallurgists e tla ba karolo ea boraro ho halofo ea boemo bo lumelletsoeng Europe e hlokomelang tikoloho, 'me limela tsa matla a mashala li tla lumelloa ho ntša halofo feela ea litšila tsa moea tse lumelletsoeng bakeng sa limela tsa Japane le tsa Europe. Ha e le hantle, ho phethahatsa melao ena e mecha e thata ke pale e 'ngoe. Litsamaiso tsa ts'ebetso tsa China ha lia lekana, mme bahlahlobisisi ba re likotlo tsa tlolo ea molao hangata li tlase haholo hore e ka ba tšitiso e kholisang. Machaena a ipehetse lipakane tse khōlō. Ka ho kenya ts'ebetsong litekanyetso tse matla tsa likhase, liofisiri tsa Chaena li tšepa hore likoloi tsa khale li tla be li le sieo tseleng ka 2015 metseng e kang Beijing le Tianjin, le 2017 naheng eohle. Ba boholong ba boetse ba rera ho nkela liboiler tse nyane tsa liindasteri sebaka ka mefuta e meholo e lekaneng ho amohela theknoloji e fokotsang mesi.
Qetellong, ’muso o rerile ho nkela khase ea tlhaho sebaka sa mashala a sebelisoang lifemeng tsa motlakase butle-butle ’me o thehile letlōle le khethehileng la ho tšehetsa merero ea matla a tsosolositsoeng ka lichelete. Haeba lenaneo le tsoela pele joalokaha ho reriloe, melao e mecha e ka fokotsa tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ea litšila tse kholo ka liphesente tse 40-55 ho tloha 2011 ho ea qetellong ea 2015. Ke "haeba" e kholo, empa bonyane ke ntho e itseng.
Metsi le mobu oa Chaena li batla li silafetse haholo joaloka moea. Ba molato ke lifeme tse lahlang litšila tsa indasteri ka phoso, mapolasi a itšetlehileng ka manyolo haholo, le ho hloka mekhoa ea ho bokella, ho hloekisa le ho lahla litšila le metsi a litšila. 'Me ha metsi le mobu li silafala, sechaba se kotsing: ho fumanoe lirafshoa tse ngata tse boima tse kang cadmium raeseng ea Chaena ka makhetlo a mangata lilemong tsa morao tjena. Bahlahlobisisi ba lebelletse hore peeletso ea ho chesoa ha litšila, litšila tse kotsi tsa indasteri le ho hloekisa metsi a litšila li tla hola ka liphesente tse fetang 30 ho tloha ka 2011 mafelong a 2015, ka matsete a tlatsetso a li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 264 (liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 44) nakong ena. nako. China e tsoetse pele kahong e khōlō ea litsi tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, ’me pakeng tsa 2006 le 2012, palo ea mehaho ena e imenne ka makhetlo a fetang a mararo ho ea ho 3340. Empa ho hlokahala ho eketsehileng, kaha tlhokahalo ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila e tla eketseha ka karolo ea 10 lekholong ka selemo ho tloha. 2012 ho 2015.
Ho hlahisa mocheso kapa motlakase ka ho chesoa hase khoebo e ntle ka ho fetisisa, empa tlhokahalo ea tšebeletso ena e tla hōla ka karolo ea 53 lekholong selemo le selemo lilemong tse 'maloa tse latelang,' me ka lebaka la lithuso tsa 'muso, nako ea ho lefa bakeng sa mehaho e mecha e tla fokotsoa ho lilemo tse supileng.
Lik'hamphani tsa samente li sebelisa liotlolo tse kholo ho futhumatsa lejoe la mokoetla le lisebelisoa tse ling tseo thepa ea ho haha e fumanehang hohle - kahoo li ka sebelisa lithōle e le mohloli o mong oa mafura.
Ts'ebetso ea ho chesa litšila tsa malapa, litšila tsa indasteri le litšila tsa likhoerekhoere tlhahiso ea samente ke khoebo e ncha Chaena, bahlahlobisisi ba re. Kaha ke mafura a batlang a le theko e tlase, e ka ba ea ts'episang nakong e tlang - haholo hobane e hlahisa dioxin e fokolang e bakang mofetše ho feta libeso tse ling. China e ntse e tsoela pele ho sokola ho fana ka metsi a lekaneng bakeng sa baahi ba eona, lihoai le liindasteri. Ho hloekisoa ha metsi a litšila le ho sebelisoa hape ho fetoha mosebetsi oa bohlokoa le ho feta.