morel (Morchella esculenta)
- Lefapha: Ascomycota (Ascomycetes)
- Karohano: Pezizomycotina (Pezizomycotins)
- Sehlopha: Pezizomycetes (Pezizomycetes)
- Sehlopha se senyenyane: Pezizomycetidae (Pezizomycetes)
- Tlhaloso: Pezizales (Pezizales)
- Lelapa: Morchellaceae (Morels)
- Mofuta: Morchella (morel)
- Type: Morchella esculenta (Edible morel)
Litholoana tsa 'mele Morel e jeoang e kholo, e nama, ha e na letho ka hare, ke ka lebaka leo li-mushroom li leng boima ba 'mele, 6-15 (ho fihlela ho 20) cm. E na le "leoto" le "kepisi". Morel edible e nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea li-mushroom tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa lelapa la morel.
Hlooho ka morel e jeoang, joalo ka molao, e na le sebopeho se chitja sa ovoid kapa ovoid, hangata se sephara kapa se chitja; ka mathoko e khomarela ka thata leoto. Bophahamo ba cap - 3-7 cm, bophara - 3-6 (ho fihla ho 8) cm. 'Mala oa cap ho tloha mosehla-sootho ho ea ho sootho; e ba lefifi le ho feta ka botsofali le ho omella. Kaha 'mala oa katiba o haufi le' mala oa makhasi a oeleng, fungus ha e bonahale ka har'a matlakala. Bokaholimo ba cap ha bo lekane haholo, bo sosobane, bo nang le likoti tse tebileng-lisele tsa boholo bo fapaneng, tse nang le hymenium. Sebopeho sa lisele ha se tloaelehe, empa se haufi le ho pota-pota; li arotsoe ke moqotetsane (1 mm thick), sinuous folds-ribs, longitudinal le transverse, mebala e bobebe ho feta lisele. Lisele li tšoana hantle le khekhe ea linotsi, ke ka hona e leng le leng la mabitso a Senyesemane bakeng sa morel e jeoang - khekhe ea linotsi morel.
leoto morel ke cylindrical, e teteaneng hanyane botlaaseng, e sekoti kahare (e etsa sekoti se le seng se nang le cap), brittle, 3-7 (ho fihla ho 9) cm ka bolelele le 1,5-3 cm. Ho li-mushroom tse nyane, kutu e tšoeu, empa e fifala ka lilemo, e fetoha mosehla kapa e monate. Ho li-mushroom tse holileng ka ho feletseng, kutu e sootho, ea mealy kapa e teteaneng hanyenyane, hangata e na le li-grooves tsa longitudinal botlaaseng.
Makhasi ao 'mele o behang litholoana o bobebe (o mosoeu, o mosoeu kapa o mosehla-ocher), boka, o mosesaane haholo, o bobebe ebile o bonolo, o senyeha habonolo. Tatso ea makhasi a monate; ha ho monko o ikhethang.
phofo ea spore mosehla, ocher e khanyang. Li-spores li ellipsoid, tse boreleli, ka seoelo li nang le granular, tse se nang mebala, 19-22 × (11-15) µm ka boholo, li hōla ka mekotleng ea litholoana (asci), li etsa lera le tsoelang pele holim'a bokantle ba sekoahelo. Asci ke cylindrical, 330 × 20 microns ka boholo.
Morel e jeoang e ajoa ho pholletsa le libaka tse futhumetseng tsa Karolo e ka Leboea ea Lefatše - Eurasia ho ea Japane le Amerika Leboea, hammoho le Australia le Tasmania. E etsahala ka bonngwe, hangata ka dihlopha; e sa tloaelehang haholo, le hoja e atile haholo har'a li-mushroom tsa morel. E hola libakeng tse khantšitsoeng hantle mobung o nonneng, o nang le lime - ho tloha libakeng tse tlaase le likhohola ho ea matsoapong a lithaba: sebakeng se bobebe (birch, willow, poplar, alder, oak, molora le elm), hammoho le merung e tsoakiloeng le ea coniferous. , lirapeng tsa boikhathollo le lirapa tsa liapole; e tloaelehileng libakeng tse nang le joang, tse sirelelitsoeng (mohloeng le mecheng ea meru, tlas'a lihlahla, libakeng tse hloekileng le libakeng tse hloekileng, haufi le lifate tse oeleng, liforong le mabōpong a melapo). E ka hola dibakeng tse lehlabathe, haufi le dithōle le dibakeng tsa mello ya kgale. Ka boroa ho Naha ea Rona, e fumaneha lirapeng tsa meroho, lirapeng tse ka pele le mohloeng. Fungus ena e hlaha haholo nakong ea selemo, ho tloha bohareng ba April ho ea ho June, haholo-holo ka mor'a lipula tse futhumetseng. Hangata e hlaha merung holim'a mobu o nonneng haholo kapa o fokolang ka tlas'a lifate tse hlabang, hangata libakeng tse nang le joang, tse sirelelitsoeng hantle: tlas'a lihlahla, haufi le liforo, mohloeng oa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo le lirapeng.
Europe Bophirimela, fungus e hlaha ho tloha bohareng ba Mphalane ho isa bofelong ba Mots'eanong, lilemong tse futhumetseng haholo - ho tloha ka Hlakubele. Naheng ea Rōna, fungus hangata ha e hlahe pele ho qalong ea May, empa e ka etsahala ho fihlela bohareng ba June, ka linako tse ling, nakong ea hoetla e telele e futhumetseng, esita le mathoasong a October.
Morel e jeoang e ke ke ea ferekanngoa le li-mushroom tse chefo. E khetholloa ho mefuta e amanang le conical morel le morel e telele ka sebōpeho se chitja sa cap, sebopeho, boholo le tlhophiso ea lisele. Morel e pota-potileng (Morchella rotunda) e tšoana haholo le eona, eo, leha ho le joalo, e atisang ho nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea lijo tse jeoang.
Li-mushroom tse jeoang ka maemo tsa sehlopha sa boraro. E loketse lijo ka mor'a ho pheha ka metsi a letsoai a belang ka metsotso e 10-15 (moro o tšolotsoe), kapa ka mor'a ho omisa ntle le ho pheha.
Video e mabapi le li-mushroom Morel tse jeoang:
