Tse ka Hare
Li-mushroom tsa mariha ke e 'ngoe ea li-mushroom tse ka lengoang lapeng le libakeng tse bulehileng. E 'ngoe ea mathata a ka sehloohong ke ho hlahisa mycelium, empa haeba u tseba theknoloji ena, joale ho lema mycelium ho ke ke ha e-ba thata. Hopola hore bakeng sa ho ikatisa li-mushroom tsa mariha lapeng, u tla hloka ho li fa fensetere ka lehlakoreng le ka leboea, kaha li-mushroom tsena ha li rate khanya ea letsatsi.
Winter Honey agaric ke mushroom ea agaric e jeoang ea lelapa la mela ho tsoa ho mofuta oa Flammulin. Hangata e ka fumanoa meluoaneng, li-aspen le lipopoliri, mathōkong a meru, mabōpong a melapo, lirapeng le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo.
Fungus e atile sebakeng sa mocheso o ka leboea oa mocheso. E hōla linaheng tsa Europe Bophirimela le Bochabela, Naha ea Rōna, Japane. E hlaha ka September-November. Libakeng tse ka boroa, e ka boela ea bonoa ka December. Ka linako tse ling e boetse e fumanoa ka mor'a lehloa, leo e ileng ea reha lebitso la lona.
Mokhoa oa ho khetholla li-mushroom tsa mariha ho li-mushroom tse ling
Khoaeane ena ke saprotroph, e hola lifateng tse senyehileng le tse fokolang kapa likutung le likutung tse shoeleng, 'me e na le boleng bo phahameng ba phepo.
Ho na le matšoao a 'maloa a ho khetholla li-mushroom tsa mariha ho li-mushroom tse ling. Sekoahelo sa mofuta ona se hola ho fihla ho 2-5 cm ka bophara, hangata haholo - ho fihla ho 10 cm. E boreleli ebile e teteaneng, e le tranelate kapa e mosehla ka 'mala, e khomarela, mucous. Bohareng bo lefifi ho feta mathōko. Ka nako e 'ngoe e ba sootho bohareng. Lipoleiti li 'mala o mosehla kapa o mosoeu, phofo ea spore e tšoeu. Leoto le letenya, le boreleli, bophahamo ba 5-8 cm, botenya ba 0,5-0,8 cm. Karolong e ka holimo e bobebe ebile e mosehla, 'me ka tlase e sootho kapa e sootho. Li-mushroom tsena li fapane le mefuta e meng ea li-mushroom. Motheo oa kutu ke moriri-velvety. Tatso e bonolo, monko o fokola.
Ho sebelisoa likatiba feela bakeng sa lijo. Li-stew le sopho li lokisoa ho tloha li-mushroom tsa mariha.
Litšoantšo tsena li bontša ka ho hlaka tlhaloso ea li-mushroom tsa mariha:
Tlhahiso e nepahetseng ea mycelium ea li-mushroom tsa mariha
Kaha mariha agaric mahe a linotsi a ka senya lifate tse phelang, e lengoa feela ka tlung. Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli: e pharaletseng le e matla. Mokhoa oa pele, li-mushroom li lengoa ka lehong. Ka mokhoa o matla, li-mushroom li lengoa holim'a substrate e kenngoa ka nkho ebe e behoa fensetereng.
Joaloka substrate, li-husk tsa soneblomo, kaka, li-husk tsa buckwheat, bran, lijo-thollo tse sebelisitsoeng, li-cobs tsa poone ea fatše li sebelisoa.
Bakeng sa tlhahiso e nepahetseng ea mycelium ea li-mushroom tsa mariha, motsoako o lokela ho lokisoa ka likarolo tse fapaneng ho latela litšoaneleho tsa li-fillers. Haeba substrate e tla ba le sawdust e nang le bran, joale e tlameha ho kopanngoa ka karolelano ea 3: 1. Sawdust e nang le lijo-thollo tsa brewer e kopantsoe ka karolelano ea 5: 1. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, o hloka ho kopanya makhapetla a soneblomo le makhapetla a buckwheat le lijo-thollo. Lehlaka, li-sunflower husks, li-cobs tsa fatše, li-buckwheat husks li ka kenngoa ho sawdust e le motheo oa substrate ka karolelano ea 1: 1. Ho metsoako ena kaofela, lihlahisoa tse ngata li fumanoa. Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ka sawdust e 'ngoe, mycelium e ntse e hōla butle haholo,' me chai e tlaase haholo. Ntle le moo, lehlaka, lithollo tsa poone ea fatše, li-husk tsa soneblomo li ka sebelisoa e le setsi sa mantlha ntle le ho eketsoa ha sawdust. U boetse u hloka ho beha 1% gypsum le 1% superphosphate. Mongobo oa motsoako ke 60-70%. Lisebelisoa tsohle tse tala li tlameha ho hloka hlobo le ho bola.
Ha ho khethoa lijana, kalafo ea mocheso oa substrate, ho na le mekhoa e mengata e fapaneng. Motho e mong le e mong ea khang li-mushroom o ikhethela ea hae, e loketseng nyeoe ea hae.
Motsoako ofe kapa ofe o tlameha ho kolobisoa ebe o siuoa lihora tse 12-24. Ebe substrate e sterilized. Ke hobane'ng ha e le tlas'a phekolo ea mocheso? Substrate e metsi e kenngoa ka thata ka har'a linkho kapa mekotleng ebe e kenngoa ka metsing. Tlisa ho pheha 'me u phehe lihora tse peli. Temong ea indasteri ea fungus, substrate e hloekisitsoe ka botlalo ka har'a li-autoclave tsa khatello. Lapeng, mokhoa ona o tšoana le meroho le litholoana tsa lapeng. Sterilization e tlameha ho phetoa letsatsing le hlahlamang.
U ka boela ua kenya substrate ka mabokoseng a manyenyane. Empa ho molemo ho e silafatsa pele o e paka ka setshelong. Substrate e lokela ho kopanngoa hantle ha e kenngoa ka setshelo
Ho jala mycelium ea li-mushroom tsa mariha
Pele o hōla li-mushroom tsa mariha ka mokhoa o matla, substrate bakeng sa ho jala ka mor'a phekolo ea mocheso e tlameha ho pholile ho 24-25 ° C. Joale u lokela ho tlisa mycelium ea lijo-thollo, eo ka eona tšepe kapa thupa ea lehong e bohareng ba nkho kapa mokotla o etsa lesoba botebong bohle ba substrate. Kamora moo, mycelium e hola ka potlako mme e sebelisa substrate ho pholletsa le botenya ba eona. Mycelium e lokela ho kenngoa ka sekoting ka karolelano ea 5-7% ea boima ba substrate. Ebe u kenya linkho sebakeng se mofuthu.
Mocheso o nepahetseng oa mycelium ke 24-25 ° C. Sekhetla sa li-mushroom se hola nakong ea matsatsi a 15-20. E itšetlehile ka substrate, bokhoni le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-mushroom. Ka nako ena, linkho tse nang le substrate li ka bolokoa sebakeng se futhumetseng le se lefifi, ha li hloke leseli. Empa substrate ha ea lokela ho omella. Bakeng sa morero ona, e koahetsoe ka thepa e bolokang metsi le e phefumolohang - burlap kapa pampiri e teteaneng. Ka mor'a hore substrate eohle e fetisetsoe ka mycelium, linkho tse nang le eona li fetisetsoa khanyeng sebakeng se pholileng se nang le mocheso oa 10-15 ° C. Ke lifensetere life tse ntle ka ho fetisisa ka lehlakoreng le ka leboea. Empa ka nako e ts'oanang, khanya ea letsatsi e tobileng ha ea lokela ho ba oela. Tlosa pampiri kapa lesela. Melala ea makotikoti e phuthetsoe ka khateboto, 'me nako le nako e kolobisoa ka metsi ho sireletsa substrate hore e se ke ea omella.
Litaelo tsa 'mele oa fruiting li hlaha ka mor'a matsatsi a 10-15 ka mor'a hore lijana li pepesehetse leseli le matsatsi a 25-35 ka mor'a ho jala mycelium. Li shebahala joaloka lihlopha tsa maoto a masesaane a nang le likatiba tse nyenyane. Kotulo e ka kotuloa matsatsi a 10 ka mor'a moo. Lingata tsa li-mushroom lia khaoloa, 'me masalla a tsona a tlosoa ka hloko ho mycelium. Ebe substrate e kolobisoa ka ho e fafatsa ka metsi. Kamora libeke tse 2, o ka kotula lijalo tse latelang. Nakong eohle ea ho hola, ho ka fumanoa li-mushroom tse ka bang 1,5 kg ho nkho e le 'ngoe ea litha e le nngwe.