Tse ka Hare
Moo u ka rekang li-mushroom bakeng sa ho lema lapeng
Ba bangata ba nahana: e le hore u leme li-mushroom, u tlameha ho qala ka ho li fumana morung, u li cheke, u li khaole, 'me u li jale serapeng. Hona joale tsohle li bonolo haholo. Lebenkeleng lefe kapa lefe la jareteng - lipontšo tse felletseng tsa lipakete tsa li-mushroom tse nang le mycelium.
Ho lekane feela ho reka pakete, eo ka morao ho eona ho nang le taelo ea mohato ka mohato ea ho ikatisa hantle le ho hlokomela mofuta ona oa li-mushroom.
Maemo a holang
Li-mushroom tse ling, tse kang li-mushroom tsa oyster le li-champignon, li ka lengoa lapeng - ka cellar kapa pantry. Empa ho bonolo haholo ho ba ikatisa serapeng.
Ho lema li-mushroom ha ho thata joalo ka ha ho ka utloahala qalong. Pele ho tsohle, o hloka ho etsa qeto ea hore na ke life tseo u li batlang - li-mushroom tsa lebese, li-mushroom, boletus, li-mushroom kapa li-champignon. Haeba sebaka sa hau sa marang-rang se na le sekotoana sa moru - seo se ka ba se loketseng. Leha ho le joalo, o hloka ho utloisisa hore na ke moru ofe o hlabang kapa oa coniferous. Ho itšetlehile ka hore na mycelium e ka mela ka metso moo 'me ea theha' mele oa litholoana. Empa le haeba ho se na moru o haufi, ha ho tsotellehe, sebaka ka seng se na le serapa.
U ka sebelisa li-stumps ho hōlisa li-mushroom. Ka mohlala, ho ne ho e-na le kutu e setseng sefateng se seng, u se ke ua e fothola - mona u ka hlahisa lelapa lohle la li-mushroom. Reka mycelium - 'me u tsamaee! Ho na le esita le li-mushroom tsa mariha tseo kutu e lokelang ho "tšoaetsa" ka tsona nakong ea hoetla. U se ke ua tšoenyeha, ba ke ke ba shoa. Ho fapana le hoo, nakong ea selemo, hang ha letsatsi le futhumatsa moriti, li tla qala ho hōla. U ka boela ua khetha mefuta e fapaneng ea lehlabula - le uena u ke ke ua tsamaea hampe.
ho lema li-mushroom
Ho lema li-mushroom ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa mycelium.
Likutung. Li-mushroom tsa lifate tse kang li-mushroom tsa oyster, li-mushroom tsa hoetla, shiitake, nameko le li-mushroom tsa leqhoa tsa tremella li rekisoa ka mokhoa oa lithupa tse nang le mycelium. Li lengoa ka lifate tsa mefuta e itseng ea lifate (tse bontšitsoeng litaelong) tse bophara ba 10 - 20 cm le bolelele ba hoo e ka bang 1 m, moo masoba a lokelang ho etsoa ka thōko ho 20 cm ho tloha ho e 'ngoe le ho teba ho feta. bolelele ba thupa. Lithupa li khannoa ho emisa, 'me sekoti ka boeona se koaletsoe ka li-plug, boka kapa letsopa - e le hore libaktheria le li-spores tsa hlobo li se ke tsa kena ka hare.
Lifate li ntšoa ka kamoreng e lefifi, e mongobo, e lokelang ho ba le moea o motle, 'me e tloheloe hore e hōle mycelium. Ka mor'a likhoeli tse 2 - 4 u tla bona "mold" e tšoeu - ena ke mycelium. Empa ho fihlela e hlaha, lifate li hloka ho nosetsoa ka makhetlo a 2-3 ka beke bakeng sa metsotso e 10-15.
Ka mor'a hore mycelium e hlahe, lifate li chekoa serapeng kapa ka sethopo sa sethopo ka lehlakoreng le leng. 'Me ka mor'a libeke tse ka bang 1 - 2, litloaelo tsa' mele tse behang litholoana li tla hlaha ho tsona.
Ho na le likhetho tse ling tsa ho lema li-mushroom tsa lifate. Mohlala, mycelium ea oyster mushroom e rekisoa holim'a karoloana ea lijo-thollo (1), eo hangata e sebelisetsoang ho lema li-mushroom ka mekotleng - li tlatsitsoe ka thepa efe kapa efe ea semela: makhasi, sawdust, joang, makhapetla a buckwheat esita le khateboto. 'Me li-mushroom tsa shiitake li ka lengoa ka sawdust ea phaene (2).
Mobung. Li-mushroom tse fatše, mohlala, porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus, li-mushroom tsa lebese li lenngoe mobung. 'Me mycelium ea bona e rekisoa ka mokhoa oa lijo-thollo tse tšoaelitsoeng ke mycelium. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa li-mushroom o hloka sefate sa oona haeba o mela ka symbiosis. Ke lifate life tse hlokahalang - tse bontšitsoeng litaelong tsa sephutheloana.
Ho hlahisa li-mushroom tse joalo, likoti tse 3 li etsoa ho pota-pota sefate ka bophara ba 10 - 15 cm le botebo ba 20 cm. Li na le halofo e koahetsoeng ka manyolo, likotoana tsa mycelium li behiloe holim'a eona, 'me li boetse li koahetsoe ke manyolo ka holimo' me hanyenyane tamped. Likoti li koahetsoe ke boriba, makhasi a omileng le makala, ka mor'a moo limela li nosetsoa - ka nkhong e le 'ngoe ea metsi bakeng sa sekoti ka seng. E le hore mycelium e mela hantle, ho molemo ho e nosetsa nako le nako ka tharollo ea tsoekere - likhabapo tse 1 ka lilithara tse 2 tsa metsi.
“Itokisetseng taba ea hore, ha le phethile litlhokahalo tsohle, le ke ke la fumana kotulo ka selemo sa pele,” oa lemosa. setsebi sa lirapa Tatyana Kudryashova. - E tla etsahala selemong se tlang kapa lilemo tse peli hamorao. Li-mushroom tse makatsang joalo! Ho molemo ho jala li-mushroom mathoasong a selemo, hang ha lehloa le qhibiliha 'me lefatše le futhumala. Ho fihlela ho chesa, ho fosahetse ho phela. Nakong ea selemo, ho na le mongobo o mongata, pula e na ka bongata bo lekaneng, 'me letsatsi ha le chese hakaalo. Hape ke habohlokoa hore u se ke ua nosetsa mycelium hang ka beke, kaha ba bangata ba tloaetse ho e sebelisa, empa hangata kamoo ho ka khonehang.
'Me kholo ea li-mushroom e itšetlehile ka mocheso. E tlase, e telele ho thehoa ha mycelium.
Li-mushroom tse tšoeu
Ho thata ho tsoalisa li-mushroom tse tšoeu kapa li-mushroom. Mohato oa pele ke ho cheka groove ka botebo le ka bophara holim'a bayonet ea spade.
"Ebe u cheka lesela ka ho le letona le ka ho le letšehali, u le arole ka mabala a lekanang 'me u phete lehlabathe," o fana ka keletso ea hae. Tatiana Kudryashova. - Ho hlokahala bethe ea humus bakeng sa boletus, ho seng joalo e ke ke ea phela. Likotoana tsa mycelium li behiloe holim'a eona ebe li fafatsoa ka humus, tse koahetsoeng ka lekhasi le tlositsoeng ebe li tšolloa ka hloko ka metsi.
Ha mycelium e mela mme ho hlaha 'mele oa litholoana oa li-mushroom, ho nosetsa le ho hlokomela ho ka emisoa ka botlalo.
Kahoo, hoa khoneha ho tsoala li-mushroom tsa porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus setšeng.
masheromo
Ho lema li-champignon, u hloka moiteli o motle kapa manyolo a lipere a bolileng (3).
Li-mushroom tsena li monate haholo: ha li hōle fatše kapa letsatsing le bulehileng, li hloka moriti, maemo a itseng a mongobo le mocheso, kahoo sebaka sa bona se tlameha ho fumanoa kae-kae k'honeng e nang le moriti oa serapa.
Letlobo la li-champignon le shebahala joalo ka hlobo e tšoeu, eo butle-butle e phuthang ka mafito a manyane - tsena ke li-mushroom tsa kamoso. Joale ho hlaha kutu e nyane le katiba e lekanang le hlooho ea phini, ebe ho hlaha mushroom.
Mokhoa oa ho eketsa chai ea li-mushroom serapeng
Sehlahisoa sa li-mushroom tse holiloeng ho tsoa ho mycelium e rekiloeng e ka ba se tiileng. Ka mohlala, oli ka tlas'a sefate se le seng e ka bokelloa likotoana tse 6 - 17, boletus le boletus - likotoana tse 5 - 15, li-mushroom tsa porcini - 2 - 5 kg, shiitake - ho fihlela ho 4 kg ka log, li-mushroom tsa oyster - 20 - 50% ea boima ba kota.
Empa haeba u batla ho eketsa chai ea li-mushroom, tlisa naha ho tloha morung. U hloka feela ho fumana sebaka se nang le mycelium ea thahasello ho rona, ka mohlala, e tšoeu kapa e mafura, ka hloko tlosa mobu o teteaneng oa 15 cm mme o o tlise sebakeng sa hau sa marang-rang. 'Me setšeng, tlosa sod ea boholo bo lekanang hantle' me u behe mobu oa moru sebakeng sena. 'Me e se e ntse e le ho eona jala mycelium e rekiloeng.
Ka tsela, u ke ke ua reka mycelium. Tlisa li-mushroom tsa khale kapa tse seboko ho tsoa morung, u khakele katiba ea eona, u e kopanye le lerōle la patsi ebe u e hasanya ka tlas'a lifate. 'Me ka mor'a nakoana, li-mushroom li tla hlaha sebakeng sena.
Lipotso le likarabo tse tsebahalang
Re buile ka ho lema li-mushroom le agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova - o ile a arolelana lintlha tse mabapi le ho lema mefuta e fapaneng ea li-mushroom.
Li-mushroom tsa porcini li ka lengoa tlas'a lifate life?
Lifate tsa eike li ka lengoa tlas'a lifate life?
Li-chanterelles li ka lengoa tlas'a lifate life?
Li-truffles li ka lengoa tlas'a lifate life?
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li ka lengoa sefateng sefe?
- e tloaelehileng, Indian, pinki - birch, poplar, willow, alder, aspen, oak, maple, chestnut, beech, hornbeam;
- Lemon le Colombian - birch, willow, poplar, maple, molora oa thaba, lifate tsa litholoana, beech.
Li-mushroom li ka lengoa sefateng sefe?
Mehloli ea
- Alekseenko EN, Polishko TM, Vinnikov AI Likarolo tsa ho holisa mycelium ea li-fungus Plearotus ostreatus // Mechanisms Regulatory in Biosystems, 2010
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-vyraschivaniya-mitseliya-gribov-plearotus-ostreatus
- Komin PA Temo ea maiketsetso ea li-mushroom tsa shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) holim'a coniferous sawdust // Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, 2016
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/iskusstvennoe-vyraschivanie-griba-shiitake-lentinula-edodes-berk-pegler-na-hvoynyh-opilkah
- Shuin KA, Zakraevskaya NK, Ippolitova N.Ya. Serapa ho tloha nakong ea selemo ho fihlela hoetla // Minsk, Uradzhay, 1990 - 256 p.