Hypothalamus (ho tsoa ho hypothalamus ea Segerike, ka tlaase le thalamos, cavity) ke tšoelesa e bokong, e amehang taolong ea mesebetsi e mengata ea 'mele.

E fumaneha botlaaseng ba boko tlas'a thalamus, hypothalamus ke tšoelesa e arotsoeng ka li-nuclei tse 'maloa tse ikemetseng, ka botsona tse entsoeng ka lihlopha tsa lisele tsa methapo. Hypothalamus e hokahane le tšoelesa ea pituitary, e leng tšoelesa e 'ngoe bokong, ka kutu ea pitular ho theha hypothalamic-pituitary axis¹.

Karolo ea hypothalamus. E ameha mesebetsing e mengata ea 'mele joalo ka mocheso oa' mele, tlala², lenyora, nako ea ho robala, nako ea basali ea ho ilela khoeli, boitšoaro ba thobalano kapa maikutlo³.

Ho sebetsa ha hypothalamus. E sebetsa e le setsi sa taolo se arabelang ho latela lintho tse fapaneng tse lemohuoang: li-hormone, methapo ea kutlo, mali, likokoana-hloko, li-humoral, joalo-joalo Ho arabela lintlha tsena, hypothalamus e kopanya lihomone tse fapaneng tse tla sebetsa ka ho toba lithong kapa tšoelesa ea pituitary. e tla hlahisa lihomone tse ling¹.

Taolo le taolo ea tšoelesa ea pituitary. Hypothalamus e hlahisa li-neurohormones, li-liberins, tse tla sebetsa tšoeleseng ea pituitary ka ho laola tlhahiso ea lihomone, li-stimulin. Tsena li tla susumetsa litšoelesa tse ling 'meleng tse kang qoqotho kapa mae a bomme. Li-liberins, tse patiloeng ke hypothalamus, haholo-holo:

• Corticoliberin (CRF) e laolang secretion ea corticotrophin (ACTH) e lebisang ho kopanngoeng ha cortisol.
• Thyroliberin (TRH) e laolang tlhahiso ea qoqotho e susumetsang qoqotho e susumetsang hormone (TSH)
• Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) e laolang secretion ea gonadotropins (FSH le LH) e susumetsang mae a bomme.
• Somatoliberin (GH-RH) e laolang secretion ea somatotropin, hormone ea ho hōla

Ho hlahisa li-hormone. Hypothalamus e hlahisa lihomone tse peli tse tla lokolloa ke tšoelesa ea pituitary maling:

• Vasopressin, hormone ea antidiuretic, e sebetsang liphio ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea metsi
• Oxytocyne, e susumetsang ho honyela ha popelo nakong ea pelehi, hammoho le litšoelesa tsa mammary bakeng sa ho anyesa

Hypothalamus e boetse e etsa karolo ea dopamine, e leng selelekela sa prolactin le catecholamines (ho kenyeletsoa adrenaline le norepinephrine).

Ho kenya letsoho tsamaisong ea methapo ea limela. Hypothalamus e na le karolo ka har'a tsamaiso ea methapo ea limela, e ikarabellang bakeng sa mesebetsi ea 'mele e se nang boithaopo e kang ho laola lebelo la pelo kapa phefumoloho.

Ha ho nahanoa ka kamano e teng lipakeng tsa hypothalamus le tšoelesa ea pituitary, mafu a bona a hokahana haholo mme a baka ho se sebetse hantle ha lihomone².

Ho turuha. Hypothalamus e ka angoa ke hlahala, ea etsa hore li-secretions tsa hypothalamic ebe tsa hyophyseal li emise. Matšoao a hlalosoa ho ea ka boholo ba hlahala (hlooho e bohloko, mathata a pono, mafu a methapo ea kutlo) le khaello ea li-hormone (mokhathala, pallor, ho ba sieo ha linako).

Hypothalamic syndrome. Ho se leka-lekane tsamaisong ea hypothalamic ho ka ama mesebetsi e fapaneng ea 'mele joalo ka ho laola mocheso o kahare, ho sitisa lenyora le tlala (5).

Hyperhydrose. Ho fufuleloa ho feteletseng ho ka 'na ha hlokomeloa tabeng ea hyperfunction ea' mele oa ho laola mocheso ka hare ho tsela, e fetotsoeng ke hypothalamus.

Phekolo ea Hormonal / Hormone therapy. Hangata ho fanoa ka phekolo ea li-hormone ho loantša ho se sebetse ha hypothalamus le / kapa pituitary gland.

Kalafo ea ho buoa kapa radiotherapy. Ho ipapisitse le hlahala, ho ka hlokahala opereishene kapa kalafo ea radiation.

Litlhahlobo tsa mahlaseli. Ho ka etsoa CT scan kapa MRI ho fumana tšimoloho ea ho se sebetse ha li-hormone.

Tlhahlobo ea bongaka. Litlhahlobo tsa li-hormone li ka sebelisoa ho hlahloba ho se sebetse ha li-hormone.

Pontšo ea kamano pakeng tsa secretion ea lihomone ke hypothalamus le tsamaiso ea methapo e qalile lilemong tsa bo-50 ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa Geoffrey Harris (6).