Tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko e tloaelehile ebile e tšoaetsanoa haholo. Li hlahisa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng. Mehlala ea tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko ke nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis e ngata le feberu.

Virosis ke tšoaetso e bakoang ke kokoana-hloko. Livaerase ke likokoana-hloko tse nyenyane haholo tse entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso (RNA kapa DNA nucleic acid) tse pota-potiloeng ke capsid e entsoeng ka liprotheine 'me ka linako tse ling le enfelopo. Ha li khone ho iphepa le ho ikatisa ka botsona ka ho arola (ha libaktheria e le lintho tse phelang tse nang le sele e le 'ngoe tse nyenyane tse khonang ho fepa le ho ikatisa).

Livaerase li hloka sele e amohelang ho phela le ho hola. Likokoana-hloko tsa pathogenic ke livaerase tse khonang ho baka mafu a nang le matšoao.

Livaerase ha li khone ho tšoaetsa mefuta eohle ea lisele. Kokoana e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le moelelo o pharaletseng haholoanyane oo motho a o hlalosang e le tropism. Ho na le likokoana-hloko tse nang le tropism ea ho hema, ea tšilo ea lijo, ea genital, ea sebete le ea methapo. Leha ho le joalo, likokoana-hloko tse ling li na le li-tropism tse ngata.

Mehlala ea litho tse shebiloeng bakeng sa livaerase tse fapaneng:

• Sistimi ea methapo e bohareng: kokoana-hloko ea herpes simplex (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus, maselese, maselese, rabies, arbovirus;
• Leihlo: maselese, rubella, HSV, varicella zoster virus (VZV), CMV;
• Oropharynx le litsela tse ka holimo tsa moea: rhinovirus, ntaramane, adenovirus, coronavirus, kokoana-hloko ea parainfluenza, HSV, CMV;
• Tsela e ka tlaase ea ho hema: feberu, maselese, adenovirus, CMV;
• mafu a ka mpeng: enterovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus; 
• Sebete: kokoana-hloko ea hepatitis A, B, C, D le E;
• litho tsa botona kapa botšehali: papillomavirus, HSV;
• Senya: adenovirus 11;
• Letlalo: VZV, poxvirus, papillomavirus, HSV.

Mafu a matla a kokoana-hloko (a tloaelehileng haholo) a folisa ka mor'a matsatsi a seng makae le libeke tse 'maloa. Likokoana-hloko tse ling, tse kang kokoana-hloko ea lefu la sebete la mofuta oa B le kokoana-hloko ea lefu la sebete la mofuta oa C, li ka tsoela pele e le mafu a sa foleng (ho tsoela pele ho lemoha kokoana-hloko). Likokoana-hloko tsa lelapa la Herpesviridae (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV) li ntse li tsoela pele ka mokhoa o patehileng oa bophelo bohle (ho se be teng ha ho ata ha kokoana-hloko e bonahalang) 'me ka hona e ka tsosolosa (tlhahiso e ncha ea likaroloana tsa kokoana-hloko) boemong bo boholo. mokhathala, khatello ea maikutlo kapa khatello ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung (ho fetisetsa litho tsa 'mele, tšoaetso ea HIV kapa mofetše).

Bronchiolitis

Fora, selemo se seng le se seng, masea a 500 (ke hore 000% ea baahi ba masea) a angoa ke bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis ke lefu la seoa la kokoana-hloko le hlahang haholo ho bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse peli.

E lumellana le ho ruruha ha bronchioles, li-ducts tse nyenyane ka ho fetisisa tsa matšoafo a matšoafo. Tšitiso ea tsona e tsamaisana le ho hema ho ikhethang haholo ho etsahalang nakong ea ho hema ho bitsoang ho hema. Bronchiolitis e hlaha haholo ho tloha ka Mphalane ho isa Mmesa. E nka nako e ka etsang beke, khohlela e ka 'na ea tsoela pele nako e teletsana. Maemong a fetang 70%, vaerase e ikarabellang ke RSV, Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

O tšoaetsanoa haholo. E fetisoa ho tloha ho lesea ho ea ho lesea kapa ho motho e moholo ho ea ho lesea ka matsoho, mathe, ho khohlela, ho thimola le lintho tse nang le tšoaetso. Tšoaetso ea RSV e hlahisa likotsi tse peli tsa mathata: kotsi e matla ea ho ba le mofuta o matla oa lefu le hlokang ho kenngoa sepetlele le kotsi ea nako e telele ea ho ba le "post-viral bronchial hyperresponsiveness". Sena se bonahala ka makhetlo a mangata ka ho hema nakong ea ho hema.

Influenza

Influenza ke tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko e bakoang ke kokoana-hloko ea Influenza, e kenyelletsang mefuta e meraro: A, B le C. Ke mefuta ea A le B feela e ka fanang ka mefuta e matla ea bongaka.

Influenza ea nako e hlaha ka mokhoa oa mafu a seoa naheng e kholo ea Fora. Batho ba limilione tse peli ho isa ho tse 2 ba angoa ke feberu selemo le selemo. Lefu la seoa la selemo hangata le hlaha lipakeng tsa khoeli ea Pulungoana le Mmesa. E nka ka karolelano libeke tse 6.

Influenza e ka baka mathata a tebileng ho batho ba kotsing (batho ba tsofetseng kapa batho ba fokolisitsoeng ke lefu le sa foleng). Feberu ea selemo e ikarabella bakeng sa mafu a ka bang 10 ka selemo Fora.

Tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko e tšoaetsanoa haholo. Likokoana-hloko li fetisoa ke: 

• Mathe: kokoana-hloko ea CMV le Epstein Barr (EBV);
• Likokoana-hloko tsa ho hema nakong ea ho khohlela kapa ho thimola: likokoana-hloko tsa ho hema (rhinovirus, kokoana-hloko ea ntaramane, RSV), maselese, VZV;
• Letlalo ka tsela ea transcutaneous, ka ho loma, ho longoa kapa ka leqeba: kokoana-hloko ea rabies, HSV, VZV;
• Mantle: ka lijo kapa matsoho a silafalitsoeng ke mantle. Likokoana-hloko tse ngata tsa tšilo ea lijo li teng setulong (adenovirus, rotavirus, coxsackievirus, poliovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus);
• Lintho tse silafetseng (phetiso ea letsoho): kokoana-hloko ea Influenzae, coronavirus;
• Moroto: mumps, CMV, maselese;
• Lebese la matsoele: HIV, HTLV, CMV;
• Ho fana ka mali le litho tsa 'mele: HIV, kokoana-hloko ea lefu la sebete la mofuta oa B (HBV), kokoana-hloko ea hepatitis C (HCV), CMV…;
• Litho tsa botona kapa botšehali: HSV 1 le HSV 2, CMV, HBV, HIV;

Vector: kokoana-hloko e fetisoa ka ho longoa ke phoofolo e tšoaelitsoeng ( yellow fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus encephalitis le arboviruses tse ling).

Mafu a mangata a matla a kokoana-hloko ha a na matšoao (ha a na matšoao) kapa a na le matšoao a akaretsang a kang feberu, mokhathala, le boteng ba lymph nodes. Ho joalo, ka mohlala, ka rubella, CMV kapa EBV.

Matšoao a tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko a itšetlehile ka setho se tšoaelitsoeng. Matšoao a mangata a kokoana-hloko a boetse a hlahisa matšoao a letlalo (macules, papules, vesicles, letlalo la letlalo (bofubelu): sena ke mohlala oa HSV, VZV, rubella.

Ka mohlala, feberu e bonahala ka feberu e matla, ho hatsela, ho thimola, ho khohlela, nko e ntšang metsi, mokhathala o matla, ho opeloa ke 'mele, hlooho e opang. Nasopharyngitis (e batang) e bontšoa ke feberu, nko e phoroselang, linko tsa nko, khohlela.

Tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko e ke ke ea phekoloa ka lithibela-mafu. Ke mathata a baktheria feela a tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko a hlokang lithibela-mafu. Li-virose li alafshoa bakeng sa matšoao (feberu, bohloko, ho khohlela) ka li-antipyretic kapa li-painkillers, kapa liphekolo bakeng sa matšoao a itseng: li-anti-emetics ha motho a hlatsa, litlolo tse thobang kapa tse mongobo ’me ka linako tse ling, molomo oa antihistamine bakeng sa ho hlohlona ho bakoang ke makhopho a itseng a letlalo.

Lithethefatsi tse thibelang kokoana-hloko li ka ’na tsa fanoa maemong a matla a ntaramane, ho alafa HIV, lefu la sebete le sa foleng la B kapa la C, kapa likokoana-hloko tse itseng tsa herpes.