Tse ka Hare
Bonyane ke seo litsebi tsa anthropologists li se buang. Empa ho thoe’ng ka mabifi a tlhaho? Litlhaloso tsa Anthropologist Marina Butovskaya.
"Kamora ntoa e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e senyang, batho ba etsa boitlamo ba bona: sena ha se sa tla hlola se etsahala. Leha ho le joalo, likhohlano tsa libetsa le likhohlano e ntse e le karolo ea 'nete ea rona. Na see se bolela hore takatso ea ho loana ke tlhoko ea rōna ea tlhaho? Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960, setsebi sa thuto ea batho Konrad Lorenz se fihletse qeto ea hore ho ba mabifi ke ntho ea tlhaho tlhahong ea rona. Ho fapana le liphoofolo tse ling, batho qalong ba ne ba se na litsela tse totobetseng (joaloka manala kapa menoana) ho bontša matla a bona. O ne a tlameha ho lula a loantšana le ba qothisanang lehlokoa le bona bakeng sa tokelo ea ho etella pele. Aggression as a biological mechanism, ho ea ka Lorenz, e ralile metheo ea tsamaiso eohle ea sechaba.
Empa Lorenz o bonahala a fositse. Kajeno ho hlakile hore ho na le mokhoa oa bobeli o laolang boitšoaro ba rona - ho batla ho sekisetsa. E phetha karolo ea bohlokoa likamanong tsa rona le batho ba bang joalo ka ha pefo e etsa. Sena, haholo-holo, se pakoa ke lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao mabapi le mekhoa ea sechaba e entsoeng ke litsebi tsa thuto ea batho Douglas Fry le Patrik Söderberg *. Kahoo, hangata litšoene tse kholo li qabana le bao ho leng bonolo ho boelana le bona hamorao. Ba ile ba theha meetlo e khethehileng ea poelano, eo hape e leng tšobotsi ea batho. Li-macaques tse sootho li haka e le sesupo sa setsoalle, lichimpanzi li rata ho aka, 'me bonobos (mefuta e haufi haholo ea litšoene ho batho) e nkoa e le mokhoa o babatsehang oa ho tsosolosa likamano ... ho kopanela liphate. Libakeng tse ngata tsa li-primates tse phahameng ho na le "lekhotla la lipuisano" - "bahokahanyi" ba khethehileng bao likhohlano li retelehelang ho bona bakeng sa thuso. Ho feta moo, ha mekhoa ea ho tsosolosa likamano ka mor'a likhohlano e ntlafala, ho ba bonolo ho qala ntoa hape. Qetellong, potoloho ea lintoa le poelano e eketsa bonngoe ba sehlopha.
Bala haholoanyane:
- Melao e 4 ea puisano ntle le mabifi
Mekhoa ena e boetse e sebetsa lefatšeng la batho. Ke sebelitse haholo le morabe oa Hadza naheng ea Tanzania. Ka lihlopha tse ling tsa litsomi-ba bokellang, ha ba qabane, empa ba ka loantša baahelani ba mabifi (baruti). Ka bobona ha ho mohla ba kileng ba hlasela pele 'me ha baa ka ba hlophisa litlhaselo tsa ho hapa thepa le basali ba lihlopha tse ling. Likhohlano pakeng tsa lihlopha li hlaha feela ha lisebelisoa li haella 'me ho hlokahala ho loana bakeng sa ho phela.
Aggression le ho batla ho sekisetsa ke mekhoa e 'meli ea bokahohleng e khethollang boitšoaro ba batho, ba teng moetlong ofe kapa ofe. Ho feta moo, re bontša bokhoni ba ho rarolla likhohlano ho tloha bongoaneng. Bana ha ba tsebe ho qabana ka nako e telele, 'me hangata mofosi ke eena oa pele oa ho ea lefatšeng. Mohlomong, ha ntoa e ntse e kupa, re lokela ho nahana ka seo re neng re tla se etsa haeba re ne re le bana.”
Feta liteko
- U mohale oa mofuta ofe?
* Saense, 2013, vol. 341.
Marina Butovskaya, Ngaka ea Saense ea Histori, mongoli oa buka ea "Aggression and Peaceful Coexistence" (Lefatše la Saense, 2006).