Tse ka Hare
Tlhaloso
Joala kapa moea (ho tloha lat. moea - moea) - ke motsoako oa manyolo o nang le sehlopha se fapaneng le se pharalletseng. Tse ratoang haholo le tse sebelisoang haholo ke ethyl, methyl 'me phenylethyl lino tse tahang. Mefuta e fapaneng ea joala ha e khone ho fumaneha feela ka laboratoring empa hape le ka tlhaho.
Li fumaneha ka har'a makhasi a limela (mohlala, methyl), lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho tse lomositsoeng (ethanol) ka har'a oli ea bohlokoa ea limela. Li-vithamine tse ling ke tsa sehlopha sa tahi: A, B8, le D. Joala maemong a tloaelehileng a 'mele bo na le' mala o bonaletsang, monko o bohale le tatso. Ke solvent e ntle bakeng sa lintho tse mafura le tse mafura. Matla a tai a fapana ho tloha ho 95,57 ho isa ho a ka bang 100.
Lino tse nang le joala tse tsejoang ke batho ho tloha mehleng ea khale. Ho na le bopaki ba nalane ea hore ho feta lilemo tse likete tse 8 BC, batho ba ne ba sebelisa lino tse tahang tsa litholoana le ho tseba tšusumetso ea tsona 'meleng. Pele ba ruileng ka liperesente tse phahameng tsa seno sa joala se entsoe ke bo-ramahlale ba Maarabo 6-7 mengoaha AD. Europe, batho ba ile ba hlahisa ethanol ea pele Italy lekholong la 11th-12th century. Sebakeng sa 'Muso oa Russia, seno sa pele se tahang e ne e le brandy, e ileng ea tlisoa ka 1386 ke man ambosa a Genoese. Leha ho le joalo, joala ba 100% bo ile ba fumanoa Russia ka liteko tsa lik'hemik'hale feela ka 1796 ke setsebi sa k'hemistri Ie Lovecam.
Tlhahiso ea indasteri ea joala
Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha ea indasteri ea ho hlahisa joala ba ethyl, synthetic le fermentation ea tlhaho. E tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke mokhoa oa bobeli. E le lisebelisoa tse tala, bahlahisi ba sebelisa litholoana, lijo-thollo, litapole, raese, poone, starch, tsoekere ea 'moba-e tala. Karabelo ea sebopeho sa joala e qala ho hlaha feela ka tomoso, li-enzyme le libaktheria. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e na le mekhahlelo e mengata:
- ho khetha, ho hlatsoa le ho silakanya thepa e tala;
- ho senyeha ha lintho tse nang le starch ka ho belisoa ho tsoekere e bonolo;
- beliso ea tomoso;
- distillation karolong e ka holimo ea kholomo;
- Tlhoekiso ea mokelikeli oa joala oa metsi o tsoang litšila le likaroloaneng tse boima.
Lapeng, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho fumana mohopolo o nepahetseng oa joala.
Joala bo sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse fapaneng. E ratoa haholo liindastering tsa bongaka, tsa litlolo tse nkhang hamonate le tsa litlolo, lijo, lijana tsa distillery le liindasteri tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Joala bo rua molemo
Joala bo na le palo e kholo ea thepa le ts'ebeliso. E na le phello ea sebolaya-mafu le monko o monate, e sebelisetsoang ho phekola tšoaetso ea lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, letlalo le matsoho a basebetsi ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo pele ho ts'ebetso. Hape, baetsi ba joala ba eketsa sesebelisoa sa ho kenya moea maiketsetso moeeng 'me ba tsebahala e le sesebelisuoa ha ho etsoa meriana, litlatsetso le lintho tse qotsitsoeng. Indastering ea joala, bahlahisi ba sebelisa lino tse tahang ho tiisa lino tse tahang le lijo e le mebala le litlolo tsa tlhaho tse bolokang joala.
Meriana ea setso, ba sebelisa ho hohla joala ka mocheso o phahameng, ho futhumatsa khatello le ho etsa litlolo tsa meriana. Ke hore, joala ka sebōpeho sa eona se hloekileng ke seno se se nang letho se ennobled ka ho tšeloa ha litlama le litholoana.
Ho phekola ho hema, sefuba sa 'metso, ntaramane le bronchitis, hoa hlokahala ho sebelisa tincture ho eucalyptus, calendula le Kalanchoe. Lisebelisoa tsohle li nka boima ba 100 g. Hlakola ka botlalo 'me u tšollele halofo ea botlolo ea litha e le ngoe le joala. Tlohela matsatsi a mararo sebakeng se lefifi. Itokiselitse infusion kopanya le metsi a futhumetseng ka tekanyo ea 1:10 le gargle e seng ka tlase ho makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi.
Haeba ho na le mafu
Haeba ho na le khatello ea mali, lefu la pelo le methapo ea mali, u ka sebelisa tincture ea mahlaku a rosa (300 g), beet e khubelu e halikiloeng (200 g), lero la cranberry (100 g), lero la lemone e le 'ngoe, mahe a linotsi a metsi (250 g). ) le ethanol (250 ml.). Lisebelisoa tsohle li kopanya hantle ebe li tlohela ho fana ka matsatsi a 4-5. Tincture e lokiselitsoeng e lokela ho nka khaba e 1 makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi.
Ho tšesaane methapong e ntlafalitsoeng - etsa rubbing le li-compress tsa tincture ea chestnut ea pere. Ho itokisetsa, o lokela ho silakanya li-chestnut tse 6-10 tse mahareng ebe o li koahela ka joala (500 g). Kenya motsoako nakong ea matsatsi a 14 sebakeng se lefifi. Meriana e felileng e sebetsa ka ho silila makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi maotong a nang le methapo e boletsoeng le ho noa marotholi a 30 makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi. Tsela ea kalafo e ka ba khoeli.
Pheko e ntle ke tincture ea litholoana tsa barberry. Litholoana tse ncha kapa tse omisitsoeng (2 tbsp) tšela ka joala (100 g.) 'me ue tšele ka matsatsi a 14. Infusion e lokiselitsoeng e nka marotholi a 20 ho isa ho a 30 a hlapollotsoeng ka 50 ml ea metsi makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi. Katleho ea phekolo e qala ho hlaha ka mor'a matsatsi a 15 a ho noa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng.
Likotsi tsa joala le lithibelo
Joala bo sebelisoang indastering (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol), ho pepesetsoa ho hema ka nako e telele ho ka lebisa qalehong ea botsoa, phello ea lithethefatsi, kapa lefu. Monyetla oa sephetho se itseng o ipapisitse le ho hema hoa mouoane, ho tloha lihora tse 8 ho isa ho tse 21.
Methyl alcohol bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea kahare e na le phello e matla ka ho fetisisa ea chefo, e amang hampe methapo ea methapo (ho tsitsinya, ho tsitsipana, ho akheha), sistimi ea pelo le methapo (tachycardia). E ama retina le methapo ea mahlo, e bakang bofofu bo felletseng. Ho kenella ha joala bo fetang 30 g ho etsahala lefu.
Ethanol ha e kotsi hakaalo empa e na le litlamorao tse 'maloa' meleng. Ntlha ea pele, ka li-membrane tsa mala le mala a kenngoa ka potlako maling, mahloriso a fihla holimo ka metsotso e 20-60 ka mor'a ho kenngoa. Taba ea bobeli, phello e habeli tsamaisong ea methapo: ea pele, e baka thabo e matla le khatello ea maikutlo e matla. Kahoo ka palo e kholo ea shoa le ho senya lisele tsa cerebral cortex. Taba ea boraro, ts'ebetso e ferekaneng ea litho tsa ka hare le litsamaiso: sebete, liphio, gallbladder, manyeme le tse ling.
