Autism: ke eng?
Autism ke e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsa mathata a atileng a ntshetsopele (TED), e hlahang bongoaneng, hangata pele ho lilemo tse 3. Le hoja matšoao le ho teba ha tsona ho fapana, mathata ana kaofela a ama bokhoni ba ngoana kapa motho e moholo. buisana le ho sebelisana le ba bang.
Li-TED tse tsebahalang haholo ke:
- autism
- Lefu la Asperger
- Rett's syndrome
- Li-TED tse sa hlalosoang (TED-NS)
- Mathata a arolang bongoaneng
Sehlopha se secha sa li-PDD Khatisong e latelang (e tla hatisoa ka 2013) ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), American Psychiatric Association (APA) e sisinya ho kopanya mefuta eohle ea autism sehlopheng se le seng se bitsoang “autism spectrum disorders. ”. The pathologies tse ling ho fihlela joale fumanoa ka karohano, tse kang Asperger's syndrome, pervasive tsoelo-pele bothata bo sa boletsweng le bongoana disintegrative bothata, ha e sa tla nkoa e le pathologies itseng empa e le mefuta e fapaneng ya autism.16. Ho latela APA, litekanyetso tse ncha tse reriloeng li tla lebisa tlhahlobong e nepahetseng haholoanyane le ho thusa lingaka ho fana ka kalafo e betere. Lingaka tse ling li re sehlopha sena se secha se ka kenyelletsa batho ba nang le mathata a fokolang a kang Asperger's syndrome13 mme ka hoo e ba hlokisa phihlello ya ditshebeletso tsa setjhaba, tsa bongaka le tsa thuto tse ba tswelang molemo. Inshorense ea bophelo bo botle le mananeo a sechaba a itšetlehile haholo ka tlhaloso ea mafu a thehiloeng ke American Psychiatric Association (APA). Fora, Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) e khothalletsa tšebeliso ea Sehlopha sa Machaba sa Mafu - khatiso ea 10 (CIM-10) e le tlhaloso ea litšupiso.17. |
Lisosa tsa autism
Ho boleloa hore Autism ke bothata ba tsoelo-pele boo lisosa tsa bona tsa sebele li ntseng li sa tsejoe. Bafuputsi baa lumela hore lintlha tse ngata li simolohile li-PDD, ho kenyelletsa le liphatsa tsa lefutso et tikoloho, ho susumetsa khōlo ea boko pele le ka mor'a tsoalo.
Ba bangata ba Genoa e ne e tla ameha ho qaleng ha autism ho ngoana. Tsena ho nahanoa hore li na le karolo ho nts'etsopele ea boko ba lesea. Lintho tse ling tse bakang liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka eketsa kotsi ea ngoana ea ho ba le autism kapa PDD.
Lintlha tsa tikoloho, joalo ka ho pepesetsoa lintho tse chefo pele kapa ka mor'a tsoalo, mathata nakong ea pelehi kapa tšoaetso pele ho tsoalo le tsona li ka ameha. Leha ho le joalo, thuto kapa boitšoaro ba batsoali ho ngoana ke bona ba ikarabellang bakeng sa autism.
Ka 1998, thuto ea Brithani1 e amana le kamano lipakeng tsa autism le ho pepesehela liente tse itseng, haholo ente khahlanong le maselese, rubella le mumps (MMR Fora, MMR e Quebec). Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tse 'maloa hamorao li bontšitse hore ha ho na kamano pakeng tsa ente le autism² Mongoli oa sehlooho oa thuto o qosoa ka bomenemene. (Sheba tokomane ho webosaete ea Health Passport: Autism le ente: nalane ea likhang)
Mathata a amanang
Bana ba bangata ba nang le autism le bona ba tšoeroe ke mafu a mang a methapo ea kutlo6, joalo ka :
- Sethoathoa (se ama 20 ho isa ho 25% ea bana ba nang le autism18)
- Ho holofala kelellong (ho hakanngoa hore ho ama bana ba ka bang 30% ba nang le PDD19).
- Bourneville tuberous sclerosis (ho fihla ho 3,8% ea bana ba nang le autism20).
- Fragile X syndrome (ho fihlela ho 8,1% ea bana ba nang le autism20).
Batho ba nang le autism ka linako tse ling ba na le:
- Mathata a boroko bo (ho robala kapa ho dula o robetse).
- mathata lefu la gastrointestinal kapa ho kula.
- melemo e likoluoa tsatsi tse qalang bongoaneng kapa bocheng. Lits'oants'o tsena li ka lebisa ho akheheng, ho ferekana, ke hore, ho sisinyeha ho sa laoleheng ha 'mele oohle kapa metsamao e sa tloaelehang.
- Mathata a kelello joalo kaho tšoenyeha (e teng haholo ebile e amana le bothata ba ho ikamahanya le liphetoho, ebang ke tse ntle kapa tse mpe), phobias le ho tepella maikutlo.
- melemo e mathata a kelello (mathata a tlhokomelo, mathata a ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso, mathata a ho hopola, joalo-joalo)
Ho phela le ngoana ea nang le autism ho tlisa liphetoho tse ngata mokhatlong oa bophelo ba lelapa. Batsoali le banab'eno ba tlameha ho tobana le tlhahlobo ena le mokhatlo o mocha oa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, e leng ntho e seng bonolo kamehla. Tsena tsohle li ka hlahisa tse ngata khatello ea kelello bakeng sa lelapa lohle.
Ho ata
Hoo e ka bang 6 ho 7 ho batho ba 1000 ba na le PDD ho ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 20, kapa ngoana a le mong ho ba 150. Autism e ama bana ba 2 ho ba 20 ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 1000. Karolo ea boraro ea bana ba nang le PDD ba na le motho ea nang le bokooa ba kelello. (Lintlha tsa 2009 tse tsoang Haute Autorité de Santé - HAS, Fora)
Quebec, li-PDD li ama bana ba ka bang 56 ba kenang sekolo ho ba 10, kapa 000 ho a le mong. (1-178 data, Fédération québécoise de l'Autismme)
A le mong ho bana ba 110 United States o na le autism spectrum disorder2.
Bakeng sa lilemo tse 20 tse fetileng, palo ea linyeoe tsa autism e eketsehile ka tsela e makatsang mme hona joale ke e 'ngoe ea bokooa bo tsebahalang haholo likolong. Mekhoa e metle ea ho hlahloba, ho tsebahatsa pele ho nako ea bana ba nang le PDD, hammoho le tlhokomeliso ea litsebi le baahi ha ho pelaelo hore li tlatselitse keketsehong ea ho ata ha li-PDD lefatšeng ka bophara.
Tlhahlobo ea autism
Le hoja matšoao a autism a atisa ho hlaha ho pota likhoeli tse 18, ho hlahlojoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka linako tse ling ha ho khonehe ho fihlela lilemo tsa lilemo tse 3, ha tieho ea puo, nts'etsopele le likamano tsa sechaba li bonahala haholoanyane. Ha ngoana a fumanoa kapele, re ka kena lipakeng kapele.
Ho etsa tlhahlobo ea PDD, lintlha tse fapaneng li tlameha ho hlokomeloa boitšoarong ba ngoana, tsebo ea puo le likamano tsa sechaba. Tlhahlobo ea PDD e etsoa ka mor'a hore a lipatlisiso tse fapaneng. Litlhahlobo le litlhahlobo tse ngata lia hlokahala.
Amerika Leboea, sesebelisoa se tloaelehileng sa ho hlahloba ke Buka ea Tlhahlobo le Lipalo-palo ea Mathata a Kelello (DSM-IV) e hatisitsoeng ke American Psychiatric Association. Europe le libakeng tse ling tsa lefats'e, litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka kakaretso li sebelisa Sehlopha sa Machaba sa Mafu (ICD-10).
Fora, ho na le Autism Resource Centers (ARCs) e ruang molemo ho tsoa ho lihlopha tse fapaneng tse sebetsanang le ho hlahloba autism le PDDs.