Disaccharides

Li-disaccharides (li-disaccharides, oligosaccharides) ke sehlopha sa lik'habohaedreite, limolek'hule tsa tsona li na le tsoekere e 'meli e bonolo e kopantsoeng ka molek'hule e le' ngoe ka tlamo ea glycosidic ea tlhophiso e fapaneng. Mokhoa o akaretsang oa li-disaccharides o ka emeloa joalo ka C₁₂Н₂₂О₁₁.

Ho latela sebopeho sa limolek'hule le thepa ea bona ea lik'hemik'hale, li-disaccharides tse fokotsang le tse sa fokotseng li khetholloa. Ho fokotsa li-disaccharides ho kenyelletsa lactose, maltose, le cellobiose; li-disaccharides tse sa fokotseng li kenyelletsa sucrose le trehalose.

Lik'hemik'hale

Disugar ke dintho tse tiileng tsa kristale. Likristale tsa lintho tse fapaneng li na le mebala ho tloha ho tšoeu ho ea ho sootho. Li qhibiliha hantle ka metsing le lino tse tahang, li na le tatso e monate.

Nakong ea karabelo ea hydrolysis, litlamo tsa glycosidic lia robeha, ka lebaka leo li-disaccharides li senyehang ho ba tsoekere e 'meli e bonolo. Ts'ebetsong e ka morao ea hydrolysis, condensation e kopanya limolek'hule tse 'maloa tsa disaccharides ho lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng - polysaccharides.

Lactose - tsoekere ea lebese

Lentsoe "lactose" le fetoletsoe ho tsoa Selatine e le "tsoekere ea lebese". Khabohaetereite ena e bitsoa joalo hobane e fumaneha ka bongata lihlahisoa tsa lebese. Lactose ke polymer e entsoeng ka limolek'hule tsa monosaccharides tse peli - glucose le galactose. Ho fapana le li-disaccharides tse ling, lactose ha e na hygroscopic. Fumana carbohydrate ena ho whey.

Boholo ba kopo

Lactose e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea meriana. Ka lebaka la khaello ea hygroscopicity, e sebelisetsoa ho etsa lithethefatsi tse thehiloeng ho tsoekere tse hydrolysable habonolo. Lik'habohaedreite tse ling, tse nang le hygroscopic, li potlakela ho ba mongobo 'me ntho e sebetsang ea meriana e ho tsona e senyeha kapele.

Tsoekere ea lebese lilaboratoring tsa meriana ea likokoana-hloko e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa mecha ea litaba ea limatlafatsi bakeng sa ho holisa litloaelo tse fapaneng tsa libaktheria le li-fungus, mohlala, tlhahiso ea penicillin.

Lactose e isoa litlhare ho hlahisa lactulose. Lactulose ke probiotic ea likokoana-hloko e lumellang ho tsamaea ha mala ha ho e-na le ho patoa, dysbacteriosis le mathata a mang a tšilo ea lijo.

Matlotlo a Sebetsang

Tsoekere ea lebese ke ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e nang le phepo le ea polasetiki, ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tsoelo-pele e lumellanang ea sebōpuoa se ntseng se hōla sa liphoofolo tse anyesang, ho akarelletsa le lesea. Lactose ke sesebelisoa sa limatlafatsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea libaktheria tsa lactic acid ka maleng, tse thibelang nts'etsopele ea lits'ebetso tsa putrefactive ho eona.

Har'a thepa e ntle ea lactose, ho ka khetholloa hore, ka matla a phahameng a matla, ha e sebelisoe ho etsa mafura ebile ha e eketse boemo ba k'holeseterole maling.

Kotsi e ka bang teng

Lactose ha e lematse 'mele oa motho. Ntho feela e hanyetsanang le tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa tse nang le tsoekere ea lebese ke ho se mamelle ha lactose, e hlahang ho batho ba nang le khaello ea enzyme ea lactase, e senyang tsoekere ea lebese ka lik'habohaedreite tse bonolo. Ho se mamelle Lactose ke sesosa sa ho monya ha lihlahisoa tsa lebese ke batho, hangata batho ba baholo. Pathology ena e iponahatsa ka mokhoa oa matšoao a kang:

• ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa;
• letšollo;
• ho ruruha;
• colic;
• ho hlohlona le lekhopho letlalong;
• ho kula ha rhinitis;
• boikhohomoso

Ho se mamelle ha Lactose hangata ho ama 'mele,' me ho amahanngoa le khaello ea lactase e amanang le lilemo.

Maltose - tsoekere ea 'mela

Maltose, e nang le masala a mabeli a tsoekere, ke disaccharide e hlahisoang ke lijo-thollo ho aha lisele tsa mahe a bona. Maltose e fokolang e fumanoa peōng le lero la limela tse thunyang, le tamati. Tsoekere ea 'mela e boetse e hlahisoa ke lisele tse ling tsa baktheria.

Liphoofolo le batho, maltose e thehoa ka ho senyeha ha polysaccharides - starch le glycogen - ka thuso ea maltase ea enzyme.

Karolo e ka sehloohong ea biology ea maltose ke ho fa 'mele lisebelisoa tsa matla.

Kotsi e ka bang teng

Lintho tse kotsi li bontšoa ke maltose feela ho batho ba nang le bofokoli ba lefutso la maltase. Ka lebaka leo, ka maleng a motho, ha u ja lijo tse nang le maltose, starch kapa glycogen, lihlahisoa tse nang le underoxidized li bokellana, li baka letšollo le matla. Ho sa kenyelle lijo tsena ho tsoa lijong kapa ho nka litokisetso tsa enzyme ka maltase ho thusa ho theola lipontšo tsa ho se mamelle maltose.

Sucrose - tsoekere ea 'moba

Tsoekere, e teng lijong tsa rona tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, ka sebopeho sa eona se hloekileng ebile e le karolo ea lijana tse fapaneng, ke sucrose. E entsoe ka masala a tsoekere le fructose.

Ka tlhaho, sucrose e fumanoa litholoana tse fapa-fapaneng: litholoana, monokotsoai, meroho, hammoho le 'moba, ho tloha moo e qalileng ho rafshoa teng. Ho senyeha ha sucrose ho qala ka hanong ho fella ka maleng. Tlas’a tšusumetso ea alpha-glucosidase, tsoekere ea ’moba e aroloa hore e be tsoekere le fructose, tse kenang ka potlako maling.

Matlotlo a Sebetsang

Melemo ea sucrose e hlakile. Joaloka disaccharide e tloaelehileng haholo tlhahong, sucrose e sebetsa e le mohloli oa matla bakeng sa 'mele. Ho tlatsa mali ka tsoekere le fructose, tsoekere ea 'moba:

• e netefatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea boko - moreki ea ka sehloohong oa matla;
• ke mohloli oa matla bakeng sa ho honyela ha mesifa;
• e eketsa katleho ea 'mele;
• e susumetsa tlhahiso ea serotonin, ka lebaka leo e ntlafatsang maikutlo, e le ntho e thibelang ho imeloa kelellong;
• e kenya letsoho ho thehoeng ha leano (eseng feela) mehloli ea mafura;
• e nka karolo e mafolofolo ho metabolism ea carbohydrate;
• e tšehetsa mosebetsi oa ho tlosa chefo sebeteng.

Mesebetsi e molemo ea sucrose e hlaha feela ha e sebelisoa ka bongata bo fokolang. Ho nkoa e le ntho e nepahetseng ho ja 30-50 g ea tsoekere ea 'moba lijong, linong kapa ka mokhoa oa eona o hloekileng.

Kotsi ha e hlekefetsoa

Ho feta tekano ea letsatsi le letsatsi ho tletse ponahatso ea thepa e kotsi ea sucrose:

• mathata a endocrine (lefu la tsoekere, botenya);
• ho senyeha ha enamel ea leino le li-pathologies karolong ea tsamaiso ea musculoskeletal ka lebaka la tlōlo ea metabolism ea diminerale;
• letlalo le teteaneng, lipekere tse brittle le moriri;
• ho senyeha ha boemo ba letlalo (lekhopho, sebopeho sa makhopho);
• khatello ea ho itšireletsa mafung (e sebetsang hantle immunosuppressant);
• ho thibela ts'ebetso ea enzyme;
• acidity e eketsehileng ea lero la gastric;
• tlōlo ea liphio;
• hypercholesterolemia le triglyceridemia;
• ho potlakisa botsofali.

Kaha li-vithamine tsa B li kenya letsoho ka mafolofolo ts'ebetsong ea ho monya lihlahisoa tsa sucrose (tsoekere, fructose), tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lijo tse monate e tletse khaello ea livithamine tsena. Khaello ea nako e telele ea livithamini tsa B e kotsi ka mathata a phehellang a pelo le methapo ea mali, pathologies ea ts'ebetso ea neuropsychic.

Ho bana, takatso ea lipompong e lebisa keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea bona ho fihlela nts'etsopele ea lefu la hyperactivity, neurosis, ho teneha.

Cellobiose disaccharide

Cellobiose ke disaccharide e nang le limolek'hule tse peli tsa tsoekere. E hlahisoa ke limela le lisele tse ling tsa baktheria. Cellobiosis ha e na bohlokoa ba tlhaho ho batho: 'meleng oa motho, ntho ena ha e senyehe, empa ke motsoako oa ballast. Limeleng, cellobiose e etsa mosebetsi oa sebopeho, kaha ke karolo ea molek'hule ea cellulose.

Trehalose - tsoekere ea li-mushroom

Trehalose e entsoe ka limolek'hule tse peli tsa tsoekere. E na le li-fungus tse phahameng (ka hona lebitso la eona la bobeli - mycosis), algae, lichens, liboko tse ling le likokoanyana. Ho lumeloa hore ho bokelloa ha trehalose ke e 'ngoe ea maemo a eketsang khanyetso ea lisele ho desiccation. Ha e kenelle 'meleng oa motho, leha ho le joalo, ho kenngoa ha eona ka bongata maling ho ka baka botahoa.

Li-disaccharides li ajoa haholo tlhahong - ka har'a lisele le lisele tsa limela, li-fungus, liphoofolo, libaktheria. Li kenyelelitsoe mohahong oa li-molecular complexes tse rarahaneng, hape li fumanoa sebakeng sa mahala. Tse ling tsa tsona (lactose, sucrose) ke karolo ea matla bakeng sa lintho tse phelang, tse ling (cellobiose) li etsa mosebetsi oa sebopeho.