Menoana (e tsoang ho digitus ea Selatine) e etsa lipheletso tse boletsoeng tse fumanehang katolosong ea matsoho.

boemo ba. Menoana e fumaneha tumellanong le matsoho, lipheletsong tse ka holimo le tse ka thōko tsa palema. Ho na le menoana e mehlano (1):

• Monoana oa pele, o bitsoang monoana o motona kapa pollux, ke monoana o le mong feela o fumanehang karolong e ka thōko ea letsoho. Boemo ba eona bo e fa motsamao o moholo le bokhoni ba ho ts'oara.
• Monoana oa bobeli, o bitsoang monoana oa index, o pakeng tsa monoana o motona le oa bohareng.
• Monoana oa boraro, o bitsoang monoana o bohareng kapa o bohareng, o pakeng tsa index le menoana ea reng. E etsa sebaka sa litšupiso bakeng sa metsamao ea lateral.
• Monoana oa bone, o bitsoang monoana oa lesale, o pakeng tsa monoana o bohareng le monoana o monyenyane.
• Monoana oa bohlano, o bitsoang monoana o monyenyane oa letsoho kapa monoana o monyenyane, o teng ka ho atolosa moeli oa letsoho.

Masapo a menoana. Marapo a monoana a entsoe ka phalanges. Ntle le monoana o motona o nang le phalanges tse peli feela, monoana o mong le o mong o entsoe ka phalanges tse tharo (1), tse hlalositsoeng lipakeng tsa tsona:

• Li-phalanges tsa proximal li bua ka metacarpals, masapo a palema, 'me li etsa manonyeletso a metacarpophalangeal.
• Li-phalanges tse bohareng li bua ka li-proximal le distal phalanges ho etsa manonyeletso a interphalangeal.
• Li-phalanges tsa distal li lumellana le lintlha tsa menoana.

Sebopeho sa menoana. Ho potoloha skeleton, menoana e entsoe (2) (3):

• li-collateral ligaments, ho tsitsisa manonyeletso a metacarpophalangeal le interphalangeal;
• lipoleiti tsa palema, tse holim'a libaka tsa palema tsa manonyeletso;
• flexor le extensor tendons ea menoana, e tsoang likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tsa mesifa ea letsoho;
• letlalo ;
• menoana e teng qetellong ea monoana ka mong.

Lehloeo le vascularization. Menoana e ke ke ea hlokomeloa ke methapo ea digital, makala a tsoang ho methapo ea bohareng, hammoho le methapo ea ulnar (2). Li fanoa ke methapo le methapo ea dijithale (3).

Karolo ea tlhahisoleseling. Menoana e bonolo haholo, e lumellang hore boitsebiso bo bongata bo ka ntle bo bokelloe ka ho ama le ho ama (3).

Karolo ea ho phethahatsa. Menoana e lumella ho tšoara, e lumellanang le mesebetsi eohle e lumellang ho tšoara (3).

Mesebetsi e meng ea menoana. Menoana e boetse e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tabeng ea ho bua, ho fana ka phepo e nepahetseng, esita le ho khahlehang (3).

Ka lebaka la sebopeho sa bona se rarahaneng le tšebeliso ea bona e sa feleng, menoana e ka angoa ke li-pathologies tse ngata tseo lisosa tsa tsona li fapaneng.

Mathata a masapo.

• Ho robeha ha phalanges. Li-phalanges li ka ameha le ho robeha. Li-fractures tse eketsehileng li tlameha ho khetholloa ho tloha ho fractures e kopantsoeng e amanang le lenonyeletso le ho hloka tlhahlobo e feletseng ea liso. Masapo a robehileng a menoana a baka ho satalla ho amang ho tsamaea ha menoana (4).
• Osteoporosis: Boemo bona bo ka ama phalanges 'me ke ho lahleheloa ke masapo a masapo ao hangata a fumanoang ho batho ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 60. E totobatsa ho fokola ha masapo le ho khothalletsa likoloto (5).

Li-pathologies tsa methapo. Li-pathologies tse fapaneng tsa methapo li ka ama menoana. Ka mohlala, lefu la carpal tunnel syndrome le bolela mathata a amanang le khatello ea methapo ea bohareng boemong ba kotopo ea carpal, ka ho toba boemong ba letsoho. E bonahala e le ho lla ka menoana le ho lahleheloa ke matla a mesifa, haholo-holo ka seatleng (6).

Li-pathologies tsa mesifa le tendon. Menoana e ka angoa ke mafu a mesifa, a tsejoang e le mafu a mosebetsi 'me a hlaha nakong ea ho kopa ho feteletseng, ho pheta-pheta kapa ka sehlōhō ha setho sa maoto.

Li-pathologies tse kopaneng. Menoana e ka ba setulo sa mathata a manonyeletso, haholo-holo ramatiki e kopanyang bohloko bo amanang le manonyeletso, ligaments, tendons kapa masapo. Osteoarthritis ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa ramatiki 'me o khetholloa ka ho senyeha ha lefufuru le sireletsang masapo a manonyeletso. Manonyeletso a palema a ka boela a angoa ke ho ruruha tabeng ea ramatiki ea lefuba (7). Maemo ana a ka lebisa ho holofala ha menoana.

Thibelo ya ho tshoha le bohloko letsohong la letsoho. Ho fokotsa ho robeha le mathata a mesifa le masapo, ho itšireletsa ka ho itshireletsa kapa ho ithuta boitšisinyo bo nepahetseng ke ba bohlokoa.

Phekolo ea matšoao. E le ho fokotsa ho se thabise, haholo-holo tabeng ea lefu la carpal tunnel syndrome, taba e ka 'na ea apara lesela bosiu.

Kalafo ea masapo. Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa ho robeha, samente kapa resin e ka behoa ho thibela menoana.

Phekolo ea lithethefatsi. Ho itšetlehile ka lefu lena le fumanoeng, lithethefatsi tse itseng li ka laeloa ho laola kapa ho matlafatsa lisele tsa masapo, kapa ho lumella ho senyeha ha methapo.

Phekolo ea kalafo. Ho itšetlehile ka lefu lena le fumanoeng, ho ka etsoa opereishene, haholo-holo maemong a itseng a fractures.

Tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Ntlha ea pele, tlhahlobo ea kliniki e etsoa e le ho shebella le ho hlahloba matšoao a kutlo le a motlakase a lemohuoang ke mokuli ka menoana.

Tlhahlobo ea litšoantšo tsa bongaka. Tlhahlobo ea kliniki hangata e tlatsetsoa ka x-ray. Maemong a mang, lingaka li tla sebelisa MRI, kapa CT scan, ho hlahloba le ho lemoha liso. Scintigraphy kapa esita le bone densitometry le tsona li ka sebelisoa ho hlahloba mafu a masapo.

Tlhahlobo ea Electrophysiological. Electromyogram e etsa hore ho khonehe ho ithuta ts'ebetso ea motlakase ea methapo le ho khetholla liso tse ka bang teng.

Letšoao la menoana. Matšoao a mangata a teng ho pota-pota menoana. Ka mohlala, monoana oa bone o bitsoa “monoana oa lesale” ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea monoana ona ho roala reng ea lenyalo malumeling a mang.