Bopaki ba ho fetoha ha taba e tšoeu e pota-potileng li-neurone, tsoelo-pele ea multifocal leukoencephalopathy ke lefu la methapo ka nako e le 'ngoe le amang libaka tse' maloa tsa boko 'me le tsoela pele butle-butle. Lisosa tsa eona li ngata. 

Li-neurone (lisele tsa methapo bokong) li atolosoa ke likhoele tsa methapo, tse bitsoang li-axon, tse tla hokahana le tse ling bokong ka li-synapse (lipheletsong tsa axon). Lithapo tsena tsa methapo li pota-potiloe ke sheath (myelin) e li arolang ho tse ling 'me ke karolo ea taba e tšoeu ea boko.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) e paka phetoho libakeng tse 'maloa tsa boko ba sheath ena e potolohileng li-axon, e bakang lipotoloho tse khutšoane lipakeng tsa tsona. Lipotoloho tsena tse khutšoane ke tšimoloho ea ho se sebetse ha boko ho amanang le ho bokellana ha mesifa, ts'ebetso ea boko (monahano kapa kutloisiso) le methapo ea kutlo ea kutlo. Ka hona ho hlaha ho holofala, tšitiso ea mohopolo le kutlo.

Lefu lena le senyang la methapo ea kutlo hangata le tsoela pele, le fetoha ka sekhahla kapa butle haholo mme ka nako e le 'ngoe le ama libaka tse' maloa tsa boko (multifocal). Lisosa tsa eona li ngata 'me matšoao a eona a itšetlehile ka libaka tse amehileng.

Lisosa tsa tsoelo-pele ea multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) li ngata ebile li fapane ka tlhaho:

Lefutso kapa lefutso

Ka nako e 'ngoe e qala ho tloha qalong ea mafu a mang a kang lefu la Cadasil le amanang le phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, Childhood Ataxia syndrome qalong ea lekhalo le lesoeu la boko ka ho senyeha ha myelin, multiple sclerosis (MS) motheo oa lefutso 'me hape ka linako tse ling o baka likoti (mofuta oa cavitary oa MS), kapa mafu a senyang a boko a kang fragile X syndrome kapa lefu la mitochondrial.

Tšimoloho ea methapo

Ke 'dementia' ea methapo e bakoang ke tšenyo ea lijana tse nyenyane tsa boko (microangiopathy), e amanang le lilemo, khale le khatello e phahameng ea mali e sa leka-lekaneng kapa lefu la tsoekere.

Ea tlhaho e chefo 

Ka ho noa meriana e itseng e kang methotrexate e sebelisoang ho phekola mefuta e itseng ea kankere kapa mafu a autoimmune (ramatiki ea ramatiki kapa RA, joalo-joalo), chefo ea nitric oxide (ho futhumatsa ka khase e nang le bokooa) kapa ho hema mouoane oa heroine (tšebeliso e lemaletseng). Kalafo ea radiation le eona e ka fetola taba e tšoeu bokong.

Ea tšimoloho e mpe

E amahanngoa le mekhoa ea ho ruruha e amang tsamaiso ea methapo e kang MS, leucoaraiosis, kapa lefu la Alzheimer, ka linako tse ling e le lefutso empa eseng kamehla, le lefu la ho qetela la ho bokella li-deposit tse tla sitisa phetisetso ea neuronal (amyloid deposits le neurofibrillary degeneration e amanang le boteng ba liprotheine bokong, beta-amyloid peptide le tau protein).

Tšimoloho ea tšoaetso

Hangata tšoaetsong ea kokoana-hloko e kang papillomavirus (JC virus) kapa AIDS (2 ho 4% ea batho ba HIV +).

Matšoao a tsoelo-pele ea multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) a fapana ho ea ka libaka tse amehileng le sesosa sa ts'ebetso ena e senyehang bokong:

• ho ikutloa a fokola, a thatafalloa ke ho bua kapa ho nahana qalong ea lefu lena;
• ho thothomela ka boomo (cerebellar syndrome) le tšitiso ea ho tsamaea ha lefu la X kapa lefu la mitochondrial, mathata a ho hokahanya ka boithaopo, matšoao a hlahang qalong ea mafu ana a lefutso kapa lefutso mme a tsoela pele butle-butle le ka mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa ...;
• mafu a kelello nakong ea ho senyeha ha methapo ea methapo, hangata e hlahang hamorao ho batho ba tsofetseng ba nang le bothata ba ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, mathata a kelello (temporo-spatial disorientation, mathata a ho hopola), ka linako tse ling ho tsieleha le pherekano;
• kutlo e senyehileng le litsebo tsa makoloi ka ho senyeha ha tšimoloho e chefo;
• phokotso ea kelello ea ho senyeha ha boko joalo ka lefu la Alzheimer le ho se hopole mohopolo, tlhophiso, tlhokomelo, ho rarolla mathata, moralo le tlhophiso, monahano;
• kotsi ea kotsi ea cerebrovascular (stroke) e eketseha ka leukoencephalopathy e ntseng e tsoela pele ea multifocal;
• migraine le sethoathoa.

Matšoao a kliniki a se a ntse a fana ka maikutlo a lefu lena, empa e tla ba litšoantšo tsa boko tse kang Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tse tla etsa hore ho khonehe ho fumana liso tse fanang ka maikutlo a taba e tšoeu ea boko.

Ho fumanoa ha kokoana-hloko ea JC ka ho phunya lumbar ka linako tse ling ho bontšoa ha ho e-na le lipelaelo tsa tsoelo-pele ea multifocal leukoencephalopathy ea tlhaho ea kokoana-hloko.

Hangata tlhahlobo ea AIDS e se e entsoe, 'me haeba ho se joalo, e lokela ho etsoa lipatlisiso.

Kalafo ea tsoelo-pele ea multifocal leukoencephalopathy ke ea sesosa:

• batla lisosa tse chefo (lithethefatsi, heroine, joalo-joalo) le ho li felisa; 
• netefatso ea ho hlahlojoa ha lefu la boko bakeng sa lefu la Alzheimer's, MS, leukoaraiosis, 'dementia' ea tšimoloho ea vascular.

Maqeba a taba e tšoeu a tla lula a sa fetohe 'me tšehetso ea kelello le ts'usumetso ea kelello e tla liehisa tsoelo-pele ea lefu lena leo ka linako tse ling le fetohang ka lilemo tse' maloa.