Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ke lefu le khetholloang ke lefu le boemong ba methapo ea kutlo. Hangata lefu lena le bakoa ke litla-morao ha u noa lithethefatsi tse kang neuroleptics kapa antipsychotics. (2)

Lefu lena le amahanngoa le boemo ba idiosyncratic, ke hore mokhoa oa motho ka mong, tsela eo a itšoarang ka eona le boitšoaro ba hae le tikoloho ea hae.

Lefu lena le lebisa ho feberu e phahameng, ho fufuleloa, ho se tsitse ho latela khatello ea mali, ho tiea ha mesifa le ho se sebetse ho automatisms.

Maemong a mangata, matšoao a pele a hlaha ka mor'a libeke tse peli tsa phekolo ka li-neuroleptics kapa anti-psychotics. Leha ho le joalo, matšoao a amanang le lefu lena a ka hlaha nakong eohle ea ho noa meriana.

Linyeoe tsa lefu la "neuroleptic malignant syndrome" le tsona li hlakisitsoe kamora ho khaotsa kalafo ka litlhare tsa anti-Parkinson. (2)

Ho hlahlojoa ka potlako ha lefu le kotsi la neuroleptic le bakoang ke ho nka li-neuroleptics kapa anti-psychotics ho etsa hore ho khonehe ho fokotsa liphello tse amanang le tsona.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome e ama hoo e ka bang 1 ho 2 ho bakuli ba 10 ba tšoaroang ke neuroleptic kapa antipsychotic. Ho ata hona ho ama banna le basali ba nang le ts'oaetso e nyane ho banna, ba lilemo tsohle. (000)

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome e amahanngoa le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bongaka tse kang: (1)

• pyrexia: ho ba teng ha feberu e matla kapa boemo bo sa feleng ba febrile;
• hypertonia ea mesifa: molumo o eketsehileng oa mesifa;
• liphetoho boemong ba kelello;
• haemodynamic deregulation (ho fokotseha ha phallo ea mali)

Tšobotsi e khethehileng ea lefu la malignant neuroleptic ke ho ba teng ha mesifa e thata e amanang le ho se be teng ha reflexes: "leto-pipe" e thata. (1)

Litšobotsi mabapi le matšoao a bohlokoa le tsona li bonoa mofuteng ona oa lefu la tsoekere: (4)

• khatello ea kelello;
• tachycardia (ho otla ha pelo ka potlako);
• tachypnea (ho hema ka potlako);
• hyperthermia (> 40 °), e bakoang ke ho ba teng ha feberu e matla;
• hypersalivation;
• acidosis (acidification ea mali e nang le pH ea mali e tlase ho boemo ba eona bo tloaelehileng bo pakeng tsa 7.38 le 7.42.);
• ho hloka botsitso.

Liphetoho tsa litekanyetso tsa baeloji li boetse li bonahala mofuteng ona oa lefu: (4)

• boemo bo phahameng ba serum phosphokinase le transaminase;
• rhabdomyolysis (tšenyo ea mesifa ea mesifa ka har'a mesifa e tsitsitsoeng).

Tsoelo-pele ea lefu le kotsi la neuroleptic le hlaha ka litla-morao tse amanang le ho noa lithethefatsi tsa mefuta: li-neuroleptics le anti-psychotics.

Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea kotsi ho nts'etsopele ea lefu la neuroleptic malignant ke tšebeliso ea li-neuroleptics kapa anti-psychotics. (4)

Ho phaella moo, ho khathala ha 'mele, ho hloka botsitso, ho felloa ke metsi ke lintlha tse eketsehileng mabapi le kotsi ea ho ba le lefu lena.

Bakuli ba nkang li-neuroleptics kapa anti-psychotics ka litekanyetso tse phahameng, ka mokhoa oa botsoali (tsamaiso ea moriana ka tsela ea methapo, methapo ea methapo, joalo-joalo) kapa ka keketseho e potlakileng ea litekanyetso ba na le kotsi e kholo ea ho ba le lefu lena. (4)

Kalafo ea lefu lena hangata e matla.

Sethethefatsi se bakang lefu lena (neuroleptic kapa antipsychotic) se emisitsoe mme feberu e phekoloa ka matla.

Meriana e lumellang ho phomola ha mesifa e ka 'na ea fanoa. Ntle le moo, kalafo e thehiloeng ho dopamine (lithethefatsi tsa dopaminergic) hangata li na le thuso kalafong ea lefu lena. (2)

Ho fihlela joale, ha ho phekolo e tobileng ea lefu lena e kileng ea e-ba taba ea bopaki bo tiileng.

Leha ho le joalo, ho tlalehiloe melemo ea kalafo ka benzodiazepines, dopaminergic agents (bromocriptine, amantadine), dantrolenes (mesifa e khathollang) le kalafo ea electroconvulsive.

Hoa hlokahala ho beha leihlo ka hloko ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la pelo le ho hema, ho hloleha ha renal, aspiration pneumonia le coagulopathy.

Ho feta moo, ho ka fanoa ka thuso ea phefumoloho le dialysis.

Maemong a mangata, bakuli ba nang le neuroleptic malignant syndrome ba fola ka botlalo. Leha ho le joalo, matšoao a amnesic, extrapyramidal (hammoho le mathata a methapo), mathata a boko, peripheral neuropathy, myopathy le likonteraka li ka 'na tsa tsoela pele maemong a mang. (4)

Ha ho se na phekolo le ka mor'a ho emisa lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic tse bakang lefu lena, neuroleptic malignant syndrome hangata e phekoloa pakeng tsa 1 le 2 beke.

Ho feta moo, lefu lena le ka 'na la bolaea.

Lisosa tsa lefu boemong ba lefu lena ke cardiopulmonary arrest, aspiration pneumonia (ho kenya letsoho matšoafong a tšoauoa ka reflux ea mokelikeli ka har'a bronchi ho tloha ka mpeng), pulmonary embolism, myoglobinuric renal hloleha (ho hloleha ha renal ka boteng ba mali ka moroto) , kapa ho hasana hoa intravascular coagulation. (4)

Sekhahla sa lefu le amanang le lefu lena se pakeng tsa 20 le 30%.