Neuropathy e khetholloa ke boemo ba mofuta o le mong kapa mefuta e mengata ea methapo ea kutlo le ea kutlo e laolang maoto le matsoho, hammoho le methapo ea tsamaiso ea methapo e ikemetseng e laolang litho tsa 'mele. Matšoao a itšetlehile ka mofuta oa methapo e amehang.

Neuropathy, ke eng?

Tlhaloso ea methapo ea kutlo

Neuropathy ke lentsoe le sebelisetsoang ho hlalosa bothata ba methapo, hangata "methapo ea mokokotlo" ho fapana le "mokhoa o bohareng oa methapo" e kenyeletsang boko le mokokotlo. Re boetse re bua ka peripheral neuropathy.

Neuropathy e bakoa ke maemo a 'maloa. Neuropathy le eona e ka ba teng ntle le hore sesosa se fumanoe. Ka nako eo e tšoaneleha e le "idiopathic neuropathy".

Lentsoe "neuropathy" le akaretsa sebaka se seholo le methapo e mengata. Matšoao a hlahang a itšetlehile ka mofuta oa methapo e amehang:

• Methapo ea kutlo e amehang (methapo e laolang maikutlo) e baka ho thothomela, ho chesa, bohloko bo otlang pelo, "litšisinyeho tsa motlakase", bohatsu, bohloko. ho hlohlona kapa bofokodi ba maoto le matsoho. Re bua ka methapo ea kutlo.
• Methapo ea motlakase e amehang (methapo e bolokang ho tsamaea) e baka bofokoli maotong le matsohong a hau. Re bua ka motor neuropathy.
• Methapo ea autonomic e amehang (methapo e laolang litho tsa 'mele, mohlala, mala le senya) e baka liphetoho ho otla ha pelo le khatello ea mali kapa ho fufuleloa. Re bua ka autonomic neuropathy.

Neuropathy e na le lisosa tse 'maloa, ke ka lebaka leo mefuta eohle e meraro ea methapo e ka amehang ka nako e le' ngoe: sena se bitsoa polyneuropathy, ho fapana le mononeuropathy e khetholloang ke lerato la mothapo o le mong.

Mohlala ke mononeuropathy

• La ho holofala mothapo wa sethopo (kapa ulnar) kamora ho lemala setsoeneng.
• Lefu la Carpal tunnel, e bakoang ke khatello ea methapo ea bohareng.
• Ho holofala ha methapo ea peroneal, e bakoang ke khatello ea mothapo oa leoto.
• Ho holofala ha methapo ea radial, mothapo o thibelang mesifa ea setsoe, letsoho le menoana.
• Bell's palsy, e amang mothapo o thibelang mesifa ea sefahleho.

Lisosa tsa neuropathy

Ho na le lisosa tse fetang lekholo tsa bohloko ba neuropathic. Hoo e ka bang 30% ea lefu la methapo ea kutlo ke "idiopathic" kapa sesosa se sa tsejoeng.

Mafu a mangata a ka lebisa ho peripheral neuropathy:

• lefu la tsoekere, e leng sesosa se atileng haholo sa lefu la methapo ea kutlo e sa foleng. Re bua ka lefu la tsoekere la neuropathy. Tekanyo e phahameng ea tsoekere maling e baka tšenyo marakong a methapo e menyenyane ea mali e tsamaisang oksijene le limatlafatsi methapong e fanang ka lipheletsong tsa matsoho le maoto le litho tse kholo tsa 'mele (mahlo, liphio, pelo). Ka lebaka leo, letlalo le senyeha 'me ho lahleheloa ke kutlo ho etsa hore letlalo la maoto le be kotsing haholoanyane.
• Khaello ea vithamine B12 kapa folic acid e ka baka tšenyo ea methapo le peripheral neuropathy.
• Meriana - joalo ka meriana e sebelisoang kalafong ea lik'hemik'hale kapa ho alafa HIV e ka baka tšenyo ho methapo ea kutlo.
• Likokoanyana tse itseng le lihlapolli.
• Lymphoma le mefuta e mengata ea kankere ea myeloma.
• Ho sebelisa joala hampe.
• Lefu le sa foleng la liphio - haeba liphio li sa sebetse ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, ho se leka-lekane ha letsoai ho ka baka peripheral neuropathy.
• Lefu le sa foleng la sebete.
• Likotsi, joalo ka lesapo le robehileng le ka behang khatello mothapong.
• Matšoao a mang a kang shingles, tšoaetso ea HIV le lefu la Lyme.
• Le Lefu la Guillain-Barré ke lebitso le fuoeng mofuta o itseng oa peripheral neuropathy e bakoang ke tšoaetso.
• Mafu a amanang le mesifa: ramatiki ea ramatiki, lefu la Sjögren le systemic lupus erythematosus.
• Maemo a itseng a ho ruruha ho kenyelletsa lefu la sarcoidosis le lefu la celiac.
• Mafu a lefutso a kang Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome le Friedreich's ataxia.

Ho hlahlojoa ha neuropathy

Ngaka e botsa mokuli ka:

• matšoao a eona.
• Bophelo ba hae ka kakaretso.
• Histori ea lelapa la hae ea neuropathy.
• Meriana ea hae e nooa hona joale kapa haufinyane.
• Ho pepeseha ha eona ho chefo ho ka khonehang.
• Ho ka etsahala hore ebe o noa joala ho feta tekano.
• Boitšoaro ba hae ba thobalano.

Ngaka e tla:

• hlahloba ka hloko letlalo la mokuli.
• Lekola maikutlo a ho thothomela o sebelisa fereko ea tokiso.
• Hlahloba li-tendon reflexes.

Liteko tsa mali

Li ka totobatsa boteng ba lefu la tsoekere, ho se sebetse ha qoqotho kapa khaello ea vithamine.

Lithuto tsa ho khanna methapo

Lithuto tsa ho tsamaisa methapo li hlahloba hore na methapo e romella melaetsa ea eona kapele hakae mesifa. Li-electrode tse khethehileng li behoa letlalong boemong ba methapo e lekiloeng 'me li ntša litšusumetso tse nyenyane haholo tsa motlakase tse susumetsang methapo. Li-electrode tse ling li tlaleha mosebetsi oa motlakase oa methapo. Ho fokotseha ha lebelo la methapo ea kutlo ho bontša boteng ba peripheral neuropathy.

Electromyography

Electromyography e sebelisetsoa ho hlahloba bofokoli ba mesifa bo bakoang ke neuropathy. Tlhahlobo ena e hlahloba mosebetsi oa motlakase oa mesifa. Nale e ntle haholo e kopantsoeng le electrode e kenngoa ka har'a mesifa. Sena se hoketsoe mochining oa ho rekota o bitsoang oscilloscope. Ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang ea motlakase e bonts'a boteng ba peripheral neuropathy.

Biopsy ea methapo

Ho ntšoa karolo e nyenyane ea mothapo e le hore e ka hlahlojoa ka microscope.

Tlhahlobo ea letlalo

Ke mokhoa oa ho hlahloba methapo ea peripheral. E ka sebelisoa ho lekola methapo ea kutlo ea pele le ho beha leihlo tsoelo-pele ea methapo ea kutlo le karabelo kalafong. Har'a lintho tse ling, ho lekanngoa ha methapo ea kutlo sebakeng sa letlalo. Ho peripheral neuropathy, letsoalo la methapo ea kutlo ea fokotseha.

Matšoao a neuropathy

Neuropathy ea tsamaiso ea kutlo

• Ho hlohlona le bohatsu matsohong le maotong (diabetic neuropathy)
• Hypersensitivity.
• Bohloko bo eketsehang kapa tahlehelo ya matla a ho utlwa bohloko.
• Ho lahleheloa ke matla a ho lemoha liphetoho mochesong le serameng.
• Tahlehelo ya tshebedisano le maikemisetso.
• Bohloko ba mofuta oa ho chesa, boo matla a bona a ka eketsehang bosiu.
• Liphetoho letlalong, moriri kapa manala.
• Liso tsa maoto le maoto, tšoaetso, esita le seso.

Neuropathy ea tsamaiso ea methapo

• Bofokoli ba mesifa - ho baka ho hloka botsitso le bothata ba ho etsa metsamao e menyane joalo ka ho konopela hempe (haholo-holo ho lefu la tsoekere la neuropathy).
• Ho thothomela ha mesifa le mahlaba.
• Ho holofala ha mesifa.

Neuropathy ea tsamaiso ea autonomic

• Sehlōhō le ho akheha (ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa tšohanyetso tsa khatello ea mali).
• Phokotso ea mofufutso.
• Ho se kgone ho mamella mocheso.
• Ho lahleheloa ke taolo holim'a ts'ebetso ea senya ho baka ho se khone ho itšoara kapa ho boloka moroto.
• Ho ruruha, pipitlelano kapa lets'ollo (haholo-holo ho lefu la tsoekere la neuropathy).
• Bothata ba ho fumana kapa ho boloka erection (haholo-holo ho lefu la tsoekere la neuropathy).

Mokhoa oa ho thibela neuropathy?

Thibelo ea neuropathy ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere e thehiloe haholo-holo holim'a bohloeki bo botle ba lijo le ho beha leihlo ka thata. tsoekere. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore taolo ea glyceric ka ente e fokotsa kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere la methapo ea kutlo.