Toxemia ea bokhachane ke lefu le amang bakhachane. Lefu lena le boetse le bitsoa preeclampsia. E ama bakhachane halofong ea bona ea bobeli ea bokhachane, hoo e ka bang ka mor'a libeke tse 20 tsa bokhachane, kapa hang ka mor'a ho beleha.

Matšoao a mantlha a preeclampsia ke:

- kgatelelo ya madi;

- proteinuria (ho ba teng ha liprotheine ka har'a moroto).

Matšoao ana a pele a bohlokoa ha a bonahale bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi ba motho empa a hlokomeloa nakong ea tlhahlobo ea bakhachane.

Maemong a mang, matšoao a mang a ka hlaha 'me a tšoana le toxemia. E mabapi le :

- ho ruruha maotong, maqaqailaneng, sefahleho le matsoho, ho bakoang ke ho boloka metsi;

- hlooho e opang;

- mathata a mahlo;

– bohloko likhopong.

Le hoja maemo a mangata a le bobebe, matšoao ana a mantlha a ka boela a lebisa liphellong tse tebileng haholoanyane, ho ngoana le ho 'mè. Ka kutloisiso ena, ha preeclampsia e fumanoa kapele, 'me e laoloa, boemo bo tla ba betere.

Lefu lena le ama hoo e ka bang 6% ea bakhachane le 1 ho 2% ea linyeoe li kenyelletsa mefuta e matla.

Ho na le lintlha tse itseng tse amehang kholong ea lefu lena, tse kang:

- boteng ba lefu la tsoekere, khatello ea mali kapa lefu la renal pele ho ima;

- boteng ba lupus (lefu le sa foleng la autoimmune) kapa lefu la antiphospholipid.

Qetellong, lintlha tse ling tsa botho le tsona li ka etsa hore ho be le toxemia, joalo ka: (3)

- histori ea lelapa;

- ho ba le lilemo tse fetang 40;

- ba se ba ntse ba e-na le bokhachane ba lilemo tse 10 ba arohane;

- ho ba le bokhachane bo bongata (mafahla, triplets, joalo-joalo);

- ho ba le index ea boima ba 'mele (BMI) e fetang 35.

Maemong a mangata, bakuli ba hlokomela ka ho toba tsoelo-pele ea lefu lena. Ke lipontšo tse latelang feela tsa kliniki e ka bang matšoao a nts'etsopele ea toxemia:

- hlooho e sa khaotseng;

- ho ruruha ho sa tloaelehang matsohong le hloohong;

- boima ba 'mele ka tšohanyetso;

– bofokoli ba mahlo.

Ke litlhahlobo tsa bongaka feela tse ka totobatsang lefu lena. Kahoo, khatello ea mali ea 140/90 le holimo e ka ba ea bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lefu lena. Ho feta moo, liteko tsa mali le moroto li ka fana ka bopaki ba boteng bo ka bang teng ba liprotheine, li-enzyme tsa sebete le boemo bo phahameng ka ho sa tloaelehang ba liplatelete.

Joale ho etsoa liteko tse ling ho lesea le ka pōpelong ho hlahloba hore na lesea le ntse le hōla ka tsela e tloaelehileng.

Matšoao a akaretsang a toxemia a hlalosoa ka:

- ho ruruha matsohong, sefahleho le mahlo (edema);

- ho eketseha ha boima ba 'mele ka tšohanyetso ka matsatsi a 1 kapa a mabeli.

Matšoao a mang ke tšobotsi ea mofuta o matla oa lefu lena, joalo ka: (2)

- hlooho e bohloko le e tsitsitseng;

- mathata a ho hema;

- bohloko ba mpeng ka lehlakoreng le letona, likhopong;

- ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso ea moroto (lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa ho ntša metsi);

- ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa;

– bofokoli ba mahlo.

Tšimoloho e le 'ngoe ea lefu lena e ke ke ea amahanngoa le sesosa. Lintlha tse fapaneng li ameha ho nts'etsopele ea toxemia. Har'a tsena, re ela hloko:

- lintlha tsa lefutso;

– dijo tsa morutwa;

- mathata a vascular;

- autoimmune anomalies / pathologies.

Ha ho na ketso ea ho qoba maemo ana. Leha ho le joalo, pele ho hlahlojoa ho etsoa ke ngaka, ho molemo ho tseba hore na ho na le mithara le ho ngoana. (1)

Lintlha tse ling li amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu lena. E mabapi le :

- bokhachane bo bongata;

- ho ba le lilemo tse 35-40;

- ho ima qalong ea bocha;

- bokhachane ba pele;

- ho ba le BMI e kholo ho feta 35;

- ho ba le khatello e phahameng ea mali;

- ho ba le lefu la tsoekere;

– ho ba le mathata a liphio.

Lintlha tse ling li amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu lena. E mabapi le :

- bokhachane bo bongata;

- ho ba le lilemo tse 35-40;

- ho ima qalong ea bocha;

- bokhachane ba pele;

- ho ba le BMI e kholo ho feta 35;

- ho ba le khatello e phahameng ea mali;

- ho ba le lefu la tsoekere;

– ho ba le mathata a liphio.