Hormone ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tsoelo-pele e ntle ea ho anyesa, prolactin e hlahisoa ka tekanyo e phahameng qetellong ea bokhachane le libekeng tse latelang pelehi. Ka ntle ho nako ena ea pelehi, leha ho le joalo, maemo a phahameng a prolactin a ka ama tsoalo. Litlhaloso.

Prolactin ke hormone ea hypohyseal. Karolo ea eona: ho lokisetsa sefuba ho hlahisa lebese la matsoele le ho khothalletsa ho hōla ha litšoelesa tsa mammary ho tloha nakong ea bokhachane ho basali. Ho batho ba bong ka bobeli, e na le maikutlo ho lisele tsa hypothalamic tse hlahisang GnRH (hormone e susumetsang tlhahiso ea lihomone tsa thobalano).

E patiloe nakong ea bokhachane le ka ntle, ho pholletsa le letsatsi, e fapana tlas'a phello ea lintlha tse 'maloa:

• lijo tse nang le liprotheine kapa tsoekere e ngata,
• robala, - khatello ea maikutlo ('meleng kapa kelellong),
• anesthesia e ka khonehang,
• ho noa meriana e itseng.

Tlhahiso ea prolactin e boetse e fetoha nakong ea ho ilela khoeli. Ka hona, e fihla boemong ba eona bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa bohareng ba potoloho, ka ho tsamaisana le litlhōrō tsa lihomone tsa LH le estradiol. E boetse e lula e phahame nakong ea luteal phase.

Prolactin le bokhachane, joale prolactin le ho anyesa li amana haufi-ufi. Haeba boemo bo tloaelehileng ba prolactin bo ka tlase ho 25 ng / ml, bo ka nyolohela ho 150-200 ng / ml qetellong ea bokhachane le tlhōrō ka mor'a tsoalo. Ka sebele, ka mor’a ho beleha ’me haholo-holo ka mor’a ho pepa, tekanyo ea progesterone empa haholo-holo estrogen e theoha haholo, kahoo e ntša prolactin. Ho phalla ha lebese ho ka etsahala.

Ka mor'a moo, ha ngoana a ntse a nyanya haholo, prolactin le oxytocin (homone ea bohlokoa ea ho anyesa) li ntšoa, 'me lebese la letsoele le eketseha khafetsa. Hoo e ka bang matsatsi a 15 ka mor'a tsoalo, tekanyo ea prolactin e qala ho theoha 'me e khutlela boemong ba eona bo tloaelehileng hoo e ka bang libeke tse 6 ka mor'a tsoalo.

Ntle le ho ima, boemo bo phahameng ba prolactin e ka ba sesupo sa lefu lena le nang le tšusumetso e kholo ho thari: hyperprolactinemia. Tšimolohong ea ketsahalo ena: prolactin e feteletseng e fetola secretion ea GnRH, hormone e lokollang pituitary gonatrophin, ka boeona e ikarabellang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihomone LH (luteinizing hormone) le FSH (follicle stimulating hormone). Leha ho le joalo, tsona lihomone tsena li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tabeng ea ho ntša mahe. Ke kamoo re lemohang habonolo letšoao le ka sehloohong la hyperprolactinemia ho basali: amenorrhea.

Lipontšo tse ling tsa hae:

• oligomenorrhea (lipotoloho tse sa tloaelehang le tse sa tloaelehang),
• nako e khuts'oane ea luteal phase,
• galactorrhea (ho potlaka ha lebese),
• nyopa.

Hyperprolactinemia: lefu la banna le lona

 Ho makatsang le ho feta, boemo bo phahameng ba prolactin le bona bo ka fumanoa ho batho. Ho rarahana ho feta ho khetholla, matšoao a eona a amahanngoa le boholo ba hlahala e teng (hlooho, joalo-joalo). Hyperprolactemia e ka boela ea tsamaea le matšoao a mang a kang:

• tahlehelo ea takatso,
• ho se sebetse ha erectile,
• gynecomastia (khatelo-pele ea litšoelesa tsa mammary),
• galactorrhée,
• nyopa.

Mokhoa oa ho hlalosa hyperprolactinemia? Maemong a mangata, lisosa tsa iatrogenic, ke hore liphello tsa phekolo ea meriana ea pele, li ikarabella bakeng sa ho phahama ho sa tloaelehang ha prolactin. Lithethefatsi tse kholo tse amehang ke:

• neuroleptics,
• tricyclic antidepressants,
• metoclopramide le domperidone,
• estrogen e phahameng (pilisi ea thibelo ea bokhachane ha e bake hyperprolactinemia),
• li-antihistamine tse ling
• lithethefatsi tse itseng tsa antihypertensive,
• li-opioids.

Lebaka la bobeli le tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa la hyperprolactinemia: microadenomas, lihlahala tse nang le bokooa tseo boholo ba tsona bo sa feteng 10 mm, tse entsoeng ka lesela la pituitary. Rarer, macroadenomas (e kholo ho feta 10 mm ka boholo) ha e tsamaee feela le maemo a phahameng a prolactin, empa hape le hlooho e bohloko le matšoao a ophthalmologic (lefapha le thibetsoeng la pono).

Tšimoloho e 'ngoe ea hyperprolactinemia e ka batloa ho se sebetse ha hypothalamic-pituitary ho kenyelletsa hlahala ea hypothalamic (craniopharyngioma, glioma) kapa lefu la ho kenella ka hare (sarcoidosis, X-hystocytosis, joalo-joalo).

 Qetellong, li-pathologies tse ling li ka kenyelletsa keketseho e matla ea boemo ba prolactin, joalo ka:

• lefu la micropolycystic ovary (PCOS),
• hypothyroidism,
• ho hloleha ho sa feleng ha renal,
• Cushing's syndrome,
• lihlahala tse ling kapa maqeba a hypothalamus.