Prism ke eng: tlhaloso, likarolo, mefuta, likhetho tsa likarolo

Khatisong ena, re tla nahana ka tlhaloso, lintlha tsa sehlooho, mefuta le likhetho tse ka khonehang bakeng sa karolo ea prism. Lintlha tse hlahisitsoeng li tsamaea le litšoantšo tse bonoang bakeng sa temoho e ntle.

Tlhaloso ea prism

porisime ke setšoantšo sa geometri sebakeng; polyhedron e nang le lifahleho tse peli tse bapileng le tse lekanang (polygone), ha lifahleho tse ling e le parallelograms.

Setšoantšo se ka tlase se bontša e 'ngoe ea mefuta e atileng haholo ea prism - quadrangular line (kapa parallelepiped). Mefuta e meng ea palo e tšohloa karolong ea ho qetela ea khatiso ena.

Lintho tsa prism

Bakeng sa setšoantšo se ka holimo:

• Meetso li na le li-polygone tse lekanang. Tsena e ka ba kgutlotharo, nne-, hlano-, hexagons, joalo-joalo. Tabeng ea rona, tsena ke parallelograms (kapa khutlonnetsepa) ABCD и A₁B₁C₁D₁.
• Lifahleho tse ka mahlakoreng ke parallelograms: AA₁B₁B, BB₁C₁C, CC₁D₁D и AA₁D₁D.
• Kgopo e ka lehlakoreng ke karolo e kopanyang li-vertices tsa metheo e fapaneng e tsamaellanang (AA₁, BB₁, CC₁ и DD₁). Ke lehlakore le tloaelehileng la lifahleho tse peli tse mahlakoreng.
• Bophahamo (h) - ena ke perpendicular e huloang ho tloha setsing se seng ho ea ho se seng, ke hore sebaka se pakeng tsa bona. Haeba mahlakoreng a mahlakoreng a le ka mahlakoreng a nepahetseng ho ea metheong ea setšoantšo, joale e boetse e le bophahamo ba prism.
• Motheo oa diagonal - karolo e kopanyang li-vertices tse peli tse fapaneng tsa motheo o le mong (AC, BD, A₁C₁ и B₁D₁). Prism e kgutlotharo ha e na element ena.
• Diagonal e Lehlakoreng Karolo ea mola e kopanyang lithapo tse peli tse fapaneng tsa sefahleho se le seng. Setšoantšo se bontša li-diagonal tsa sefahleho se le seng feela. (CD₁ и C₁D)e le hore e se ke ea e jarisa.
• Prism Diagonal - karolo e kopanyang li-vertices tse peli tsa metheo e fapaneng eo e seng ea sefahleho se le seng. Re bonts'itse tse peli feela ho tse 'ne: AC₁ и B₁D.
• Prism bokaholimo ke bokaholimo ba litšiea tsa eona tse peli le lifahleho tse mahlakoreng. Liforomo tsa lipalo (bakeng sa palo e nepahetseng) le li-prism li hlahisoa ka lingoliloeng tse fapaneng.

Prism fiela - ho atolosoa ha lifahleho tsohle tsa setšoantšo ka sefofaneng se le seng (hangata, e 'ngoe ea metheo). Ka mohlala, bakeng sa prism e otlolohileng ea khutlonnetsepa:

Hlokomela: thepa ea prism e hlahisoa ka .

Likhetho tsa karolo ea Prism

1. Karolo ea diagonal - sefofane sa ho itšeha se feta ka har'a diagonal ea setsi sa prism le likarolo tse peli tse lumellanang le mahlakoreng.Hlokomela: Prism ea triangular ha e na karolo ea diagonal, hobane Motheo oa setšoantšo ke kgutlotharo e se nang diagonal.
2. Karolo ea Perpendicular - sefofane se sehang se phunyeletsa mahlakoreng 'ohle ka lehlakoreng le nepahetseng.

Hlokomela: likhetho tse ling bakeng sa karolo ha lia tloaeleha, kahoo re ke ke ra lula ho tsona ka thoko.

Mefuta ea li-prism

Nahana ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lipalo tse nang le motheo oa kgutlotharo.

1. Prism e otlolohileng - lifahleho tse mahlakoreng li fumaneha ka mahlakoreng a nepahetseng ho ea metheong (ke hore, perpendicular to them). Bophahamo ba setšoantšo se joalo bo lekana le lehlakore la eona.
2. Prism e oblique - lifahleho tse ka thōko tsa setšoantšo ha li na perpendicular ho metheo ea eona.
3. Prism e nepahetseng Metheo ke li-polygone tse tloaelehileng. E ka ba e otlolohileng kapa e oblique.
4. prism e nyane - karolo ea setšoantšo se setseng ka mor'a ho se tšela ka sefofane se sa bapileng le metheo. E ka boela ea otloloha ebile e sekametse.