Tse ka Hare
Hoetla e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ba ratang "ho tsoma ka khutso" ba ea morung ho kopanya "molemo le monate". Hammoho le ho tsamaea moeeng o hloekileng le ho khahloa ke mebala e khanyang ea hoetla, kamehla hoa khoneha ho bokella kotulo e ntle ea 'mele ea fruiting. Ke qalong ea hoetla ha makhasi moo li-mushroom tsa hoetla li hlahang, tse ananeloang haholo ka tatso ea tsona e khahlang le ho feto-fetoha ha tsona ha ho pheha. Bo-'mè ba bangata ba malapa ba lula ba boloka li-mushroom tsena nakong ea mariha, 'me ba lokisetsa lijana tse fapa-fapaneng bakeng sa lijo tsa hoseng, tsa motšehare le tsa mantsiboea.
Li-mushroom tse tsebahalang haholo tsa hoetla ha se e le 'ngoe, empa ke motsoako oa mefuta, eo ho eona ho nang le tse fetang 40 lefatšeng. Hoo e ka bang mefuta e 10 ea mefuta ena ea litholoana e ka hlokomeloa sebakeng sa Federation, empa tlhahisoleseling e joalo e tla khahla bo-rasaense feela, e ke keng ea boleloa ka batho ba khethang li-mushroom. Ba ho qetela ba amehile feela ka mokhoa oa ho khetholla mahe a linotsi a agaric a jeoang ho a bohata. 'Me ke batho ba tsoetseng pele feela ba khethang li-mushroom ba ka hlokomelang hore mefuta e jeoang ea li-mushroom tsa hoetla e na le phapang pakeng tsa bona. Ka nako e 'ngoe liphapang tsena ha li bohlokoa hoo litsebi li tlamehang ho hlahloba li-spores tsa mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng hape bakeng sa ho nyalisa ...
Sengoloa sa rona se fana ka linepe le litlhaloso tsa li-mushroom tse jeoang tsa hoetla. Ka mor'a ho hlahloba boitsebiso bo ka holimo, u tla khona ho ba le maikutlo a mabapi le ponahalo ea 'mele ona oa fruiting, libaka tsa bona tsa khōlo, hammoho le nako ea fruiting. Re khethile mefuta ea li-mushroom tse atileng haholo tsa hoetla naheng ea Rona, tse tsebahalang haholo har'a batho ba khang li-mushroom.
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Hoetla mahe a linotsi agaric (ea sebele kapa hemp)
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Hoetla kapa mahe a linotsi a agaric ea sebele ke eona e tummeng ka ho fetisisa har'a baemeli bohle ba mofuta oa eona. Ena ke li-mushroom tse monate haholo tse jeoang tse ikemetseng ka mokhoa o phethahetseng lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso: pickling, salting, leqhoa, ho omisa, ho halika, joalo-joalo.
Lebitso la Latin: armillaria mellea.
Lelapa: Физалакриевые (Physalacriaceae).
Li-synonyms: agaric ea 'nete ea mahe a linotsi, hoetla.
Katiba: fihla bophara ba 4-12 cm, (ka linako tse ling ho fihlela ho 15 esita le 17 cm,), qalong convex, 'me joale bula le ho ba bataletse, ho etsa metshetshe wavy. Ka linako tse ling ho ka bonoa tubercle, li-specks kapa sekala se senyenyane se sootho bohareng ba cap. 'Mala oa letlalo o tloha ho beige ho ea ho mahe a linotši a sootho le a bohlooho-sootho. Setšoantšo se ka tlase se bontša li-mushroom tsa hoetla:
Hlokomela hore ha u sa le monyenyane, bokaholimo ba sekoahelo sa 'mele oa fruiting bo koahetsoe ke litekanyo tse tšoeu tse nyenyane, tse nyamelang ka lilemo.
Leoto: e tšesaane, e le fiber, e fihlang ho 10 cm e phahameng le 1-2 cm e teteaneng, e atolositsoeng hanyenyane botlaaseng. Bokaholimo bo bobebe kapa bo bosehla bo sootho ka 'mala,' me moriti o lefifi o bonoa karolong e ka tlase. Joalo ka cap, leoto le koahetsoe ke litekanyo tse nyane tse bobebe. Hangata, li-mushroom tsa hoetla li hōla hammoho le maoto a tsona botlaaseng.
Bola: ka mehlala e menyenyane e teteaneng, e tšoeu, e monate tatso le monko. Ha e ntse e hōla, e fetoha e mosesaane, e fumana sebopeho se thata.
Litlaleho: sparse, ho khomarela kutu kapa ho theoha ka bofokoli. Li-mushroom tse nyane li na le lipoleiti tsa 'mala o mosoeu kapa oa tranelate, tse fifalang ka lilemo ebe li koahetsoe ke matheba a sootho. Ho phaella moo, lipoleiti li koahetsoe ke filimi, eo ka 'mele ea khale ea fruiting e tsoang holim'a cap, e leketlile holim'a stem joaloka lesale.
e sebetsa joang: se sebedisoang haholo ho pheha le meriana. Li-mushroom li marinated ka ho feletseng, li letsoai, li omisitsoe ebile li le leqhoa. E etsa lithupelo tse monate tsa pele le tsa bobeli, tse seng tlase ho tatso esita le ho li-mushroom tsa porcini le li-mushroom. Ntle le moo, mefuta eohle ea li-mushroom tsa hoetla e phatlalalitse thepa ea bongaka.
Ho ka khoneha: sehlopha sa li-mushroom tse jeoang 3.
Ho tšoana le ho se tšoane: hoetla ho ka ferekanngoa le scaly fleecy. Leha ho le joalo, ea ho qetela e fapane le agaric ea 'nete ea mahe a linotsi ka palo e eketsehileng ea sekala holim'a' mele oa fruiting, hammoho le monko o hlabang o hopotsang radish. 'Me le hoja flake e boetse e le ea li-mushroom tse jeoang (feela ka mor'a phekolo ea mocheso), e ntse e sa monate joaloka hoetla.
Ho jaleha: ho tloha libakeng tsa tropike ho ea Leboea, ha e hōle feela sebakeng sa permafrost. Li fumaneha merung e mongobo e melang: holim'a likutu, lifate tse oeleng le makaleng. Hangata ke likokoana-hloko, tse amang mefuta e fetang 200 ea lifate le lihlahla, hangata li sebetsa joaloka saprophyte, li lula holim'a lehong le seng le shoele. Se ke oa feta ho rengoa ha meru ea coniferous.
Hoa thahasellisa hore li-mushroom tsa hoetla li boetse li bitsoa hemp. Sena sea utloahala, hobane ha e le hantle ba khetha ho hola holim'a li-stumps. Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore 'mala oa' mele oa fruiting o tla itšetleha ka mofuta oa lehong leo o lutseng ho lona. Kahoo, poplar, acacia kapa mulberry li fana ka tint ea mahe a linotsi-mosehla ho mahe a linotsi agaric, oak - sootho tint, elderberry - lefifi le bohlooho, le lifate tsa coniferous - tint e khubelu e sootho.
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Li-mushroom tsa ka leboea tsa hoetla li shebahala joang: linepe le litlhaloso tsa maoto le likatiba
Setšoantšo le tlhaloso e latelang ke ea li-mushroom tse ka leboea tsa hoetla - li-mushroom tse ratoang tse jeoang tsa mofuta oa Honey agaric.
Lebitso la Latin: Armillaria borealis.
Lelapa: Physalacrye.
Katiba: convex, bophara ba 5-10 cm, 'mala o mosehla kapa o sootho oa lamunu,' mala oa mohloaare hangata o ka bonoa. Bohareng ba katiba bo bobebe ho feta mathōko. Bokaholimo bo koahetsoe ke litekanyo tse nyane, tse nang le lithane tse 1-2 tse lefifi ho feta 'mala o ka sehloohong. Ho bokellana ho hoholo ha sekala ho bonoa bohareng ba cap. Mathoko a na le likhopo hanyenyane 'me a makukuno, a litšila a mosehla o lefifi.
Leoto: cylindrical, e tšesaane, ka linako tse ling e atoloha botlaaseng, ho fihla ho 10 cm ka bolelele le ho fihla ho 1,5 cm ka botenya. Bokaholimo bo omme, bo sootho ka 'mala le pubescence e mosehla-tšoeu. Ho na le ring-skirt, tšobotsi ea mefuta eohle e jeoang, e fetohang membranous ka lilemo, 'me sekala se utloang se hlokomeloa ka mathōko.
Setšoantšo se bontša hore na li-mushroom tse jeoang tsa hoetla tsa mofuta ona li shebahala joang:
Bola: e teteaneng, e tšoeu kapa e beige, e sa hlakang e hopotsa boea ba k'hothone bo hatelitsoeng. E na le tatso le monko o monate oa "mushroom".
Litlaleho: bosoeu ka mehlala e menyane, ho fetoha ocher-cream ka lilemo.
Ho ka khoneha: li-mushroom tse jeoang.
e sebetsa joang: e loketse mefuta eohle ea ho pheha - ho belisa, ho halika, ho chesa, ho marinating, ho tšela letsoai, ho omisa le ho hatsetsa. Leoto la li-mushroom tsa hoetla le thata, kahoo ha le sebelisetsoe ho pheha. E sebelisoa haholo meriana ho tsosolosa khatello e phahameng ea mali. Ho phaella moo, li-mushroom li na le phello e khutsitseng 'meleng, e thusa ka mahlaseli le phekolo ea kankere.
Ho jaleha: e hola ho pholletsa le Naha ea Rona, ntle le Leboea le Hōle. E lula holim'a patsi e shoeleng, hammoho le likutu tsa mefuta ea coniferous le e hlabang. Fruiting e ngata, hobane li-mushroom li hōla malapeng a maholo. Hangata e ka fumanoa ho birch, alder le oak, ka linako tse ling e ama lihlahla. Nako ea kotulo e qala ka Phato mme e fela ka Loetse-Mphalane, ho latela maemo a leholimo.
Re u fa linepe tse ling tse 'maloa tsa li-mushroom tse jeoang tsa hoetla:
Li-mushroom tse nang le maoto a teteaneng tse jeoang
Har'a li-mushroom tse jeoang tsa hoetla, li-mushroom tse teteaneng li boetse li tloaelehile - e 'ngoe ea li-mushroom tse ratoang ka ho fetisisa, tse atlehileng ho kotuloa eseng feela morung, empa hape li hōlileng ka tekanyo ea indasteri.
Agaric ea mahe a linotsi a maoto a teteaneng
Lebitso la Latin: Lute ea sesole
Lelapa: Physalacrye.
Li-synonyms: Armillaria Bulbosa, Inflata.
Katiba: bophara ba 2,5 ho 10 cm. Ha e sa le monyenyane, fungus e na le sekoahelo se sephara se nang le mahlakore a mabeli, ebe sea teteana 'me mathōko a theoha,' me ho hlaha tubercle bohareng. E sootho ka lekhetlo la pele, e fetoha mosehla ka lilemo. Ka holim'a metsi ho na le makhakhapha a mangata a boea bo bosehla bo botala kapa a bohlooho a sa feleng le ho batho ba baholo.
Leoto: cylindrical e nang le sebopego sa sebopego sa tlelapa go leba botlaaseng, e khurumeditswe ka makwapa a a mmala o mosetlha. Bokaholimo ba kutu ka boeona bo sootho ka tlase le bosehla (ka linako tse ling bo tšoeu) ka holimo. "Sekirt" ke membranous, e tšoeu, e ntan'o taboha.
Li-mushroom tse jeoang tsa hoetla li bontšoa setšoantšong:
Bola: e teteaneng, e tšoeu, e nang le monko o monate, ka linako tse ling oa cheesy.
Litlaleho: khafetsa, ho theoha hanyane, bosehla, ho fetoha sootho ka lilemo.
Ho ka khoneha: li-mushroom tse jeoang.
Ho tšoana le ho se tšoane: hoetla-legged agaric mahe a linotsi a ka ferekanngoa le scaly ea scaly, e khetholloang ke lintlha tse phahameng tsa sekala holim'a cap. Ho feta moo, ka linako tse ling batho ba se nang phihlelo ba khethang li-mushroom ba ka ferekanya mahe a linotši a agaric a nang le chefo e nang le sebabole le mosehla oa bohata agaric, hammoho le agaric e khubelu ea setene e jeoang. Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e boletsoeng ha e na lesale la moleka kutung, e leng tšobotsi ea 'mele eohle ea litholoana tse jeoang.
Ho jaleha: ke saprophyte mme e mela joang bo bolileng, likutu tse bolileng le likutung tsa lifate. E boetse e rata patsi e chesitsoeng le patsi e thata. E holisa kopi e le 'ngoe, hangata - ka lihlopha tse nyane. Ho phaella moo, mofuta ona oa li-mushroom o ka hōla betheng ea linale tsa spruce.
Re fana ka maikutlo a ho shebella video e mabapi le li-mushroom tsa hoetla:
Li-mushroom tsa hoetla li mela joang hona merung efe?
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Nako ea li-mushroom tsa hoetla e itšetlehile ka maemo a leholimo a sebaka se itseng, hammoho le boemo ba leholimo bo tsitsitseng, bo kenyelletsang mocheso oa moea le mongobo. Maemo a leholimo a matle bakeng sa litholoana tse ngata tsa li-mushroom li nkuoa e le mocheso o tsitsitseng oa moea oa letsatsi le letsatsi oa bonyane + 10 °. Ho buuoa ka mofuta oa 'mele oa litholoana ho fana ka maikutlo a hore na li-mushroom tsa hoetla li hlaha neng. Kahoo, kholo ea li-mushroom e qala qetellong ea Phato mme e fela bohareng ba Mphalane. Libakeng tse ling, li-mushroom tsa hoetla li tsoela pele ho beha litholoana ho fihlela bofelong ba November, haeba boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng bo ntse bo tsoela pele. Tlhōrō ea pokello ea 'mele ea fruiting e hlaha haholo-holo ka September. Leqhubu le leng le lengata la fruiting le qala ka ho qala ha se bitsoang "Indian lehlabula". Ntle le moo, mefuta ea li-mushroom tsa hoetla e hola ka mafolofolo nakong ea lipula tse matla 'me e rata moholi oa Loetse. Joalokaha u tseba, li-mushroom tsa hoetla li hōla ka potlako haholo, matsatsi a seng makae feela ka mor'a pula ea litloebelele tse futhumetseng li lekane, 'me u ka ea kotulong e latelang ea li-mushroom.
Hoo e ka bang mefuta eohle ea li-mushroom tsa hoetla e hōla ka lihlopha tse kholo holim'a li-stumps, lifate tse oeleng, ho rema meru, joalo-joalo Tabeng ena, ho bonolo haholo ho li bokella morung. Ka kakaretso, li-mushroom tsa hoetla ke likokoana-hloko, li lula lifateng tse phelang le ho li senya. Leha ho le joalo, ho boetse ho na le li-saprophyte tse khethileng lehong le bolileng le shoeleng. Ka linako tse ling li ka fumanoa tlas'a makhapetla a semela se amehileng.
Li-mushroom tsa hoetla li mela merung efe Naheng ea Rōna? Batho ba bangata ba nang le phihlelo ba kha li-mushroom ba hlokomela hore lihlopha tsena tse behang litholoana li rata meru e mongobo e melang. Ho phaella moo, litholoana tsa tsona tse ngata li bonoa merung e rekiloeng. Hangata, li-mushroom tsa hoetla li mela merung e tsoakiloeng, li khetha birch, alder, oak, aspen le poplar. Kaha sebaka sa Naha ea Rona se na le sebaka se seholo se nang le meru, u ka kopana le li-mushroom ho leha e le efe ea tsona.
Li-mushroom tsa hoetla li mela hokae hape?
Hona li-mushroom tsa hoetla li mela hokae hape, lifateng life? Hangata 'mele ona oa litholoana o ka fumanoa li-conifers. Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela ho hopoloa hore 'mala oa li-caps esita le tatso ea li-mushroom e ka fapana ho itšetlehile ka lehong. Kahoo, ha e ntse e hola ka phaene kapa spruce, mahe a linotsi agaric a fumana 'mala o lefifi' me a ba le tatso e bohloko.
Taba e khahlang: bosiu, u ka hlokomela khanya e fokolang ea kutu eo li-mushroom li melang ho eona. Hangata tšobotsi ena e ka bonoa pele ho sefefo sa lialuma. Ha se 'mele ea litholoana ka boeona e hlahisang khanya, empa ke mycelium. Ba ileng ba iphumana ba le haufi le ketsahalo e joalo bosiu baa lumela hore pono ena ke e ntle ka tsela e hlollang!